试论国家救助失独者的法理基础  

On Legal Basis of State Relief to Parents Who Lose the Only One Child

作　　者：史继霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法学院,上海200042

出　　处：《福建行政学院学报》2015年第4期86-92,共7页Journal of Fujian Administration Institute

摘　　要：失独是我国计划生育政策调控下的特殊产物,失独者因失独陷入经济和养老困境,已成为较严重的社会问题。国家救助失独者的行为的性质是属于国家立法赔偿还是行政补偿,学界一直争论不休。因我国目前不承认立法赔偿,其归责原则缺乏法律规定,且立法行为与失独者损害没有因果关系,故立法赔偿主张难以成立。衡平补偿不以公权力主体合法侵害致损为要件,而基于社会公平、正义对受损者补偿,应当将衡平补偿作为行政补偿的独特类型,并以此为基础完善行政补偿制度救济失独者,以弥补失独者所受之损失。The phenomenon of losing the only one child is the special consequence caused by the one-child policy. The economic and pension difficulty that the parents are faced with has become a serious social problem. On the nature of the legal basis of protecting the parents, people are arguing between state compensation and administrative recuperation. At present, we do not recognize the legislative compensation. There are no legal provisions for the liability principle. And there are no cause and effect relations between the legal action and the loss of the parents. So it is difficult to set up the legislative compensation. Equity compensation is not essential to the damage caused by the main body of the public power and based on social equity instead. It should be regarded as one of the special types of administrative recuperation. By perfecting the administrative recuperation system on the foundation of equity compensation, the loss of the parents who lose the only one child could be made up.

关 键 词：失独者 国家立法赔偿 行政补偿 衡平补偿 国家救助 

分 类 号：D912.112[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]