拉萨市农村607例3岁以下儿童腹泻患病状况调查  

Study on the status of diarrhea among the 607 children under the age of 3 years in rural Lhasa

作　　者：康轶君[1] 多吉卓玛[2] 王国栋[1] 党少农[1] 颜虹[1] 王全丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院陕西省营养与食品安全工程研究中心,陕西西安710061 [2]西藏大学医学院,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《中国儿童保健杂志》2015年第8期797-800,共4页Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

基　　金：美国中华医学基金会项目(#02-778)

摘　　要：目的了解拉萨市农村地区3岁以下儿童腹泻两周患病率状况,并探讨影响腹泻患病的因素。方法采用横断面调查设计,多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,对有3岁以下儿童的家庭607户进行了问卷调查。通过应答者回忆获得儿童和其家庭的一般情况及儿童在调查时点前两周内腹泻患病情况。结果调查地区3岁以下儿童腹泻两周患病率为17.3%,腹泻两周患病率男童（17.6%）和女童（16.9%）差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。将儿童按6月龄划分,儿童在0-5、6-11、12-17、18-23、24-29及30-35月龄段的腹泻两周患病率分别为16.5%、28.4%、25.0%、10.9%、9.8%和4.9%,不同月龄儿童腹泻两周患病率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。调查时点前两周儿童是否感冒、母亲孕期晚上看东西较孕前困难、添加蛋白类辅食的时间和家庭炒菜常用铁锅与其腹泻患病密切相关（P〈0.05）。结论拉萨市农村3岁以下儿童腹泻两周患病率较高。加强当地孕产妇的膳食营养指导和儿童常见病预防、适时添加蛋白类辅食可以降低儿童腹泻两周患病率。Objective To estimate two-week prevalence rate of diarrhea and explore the influencing factors of diarrhea among the children under the age of 3 years in rural Lhasa. Method A Cross-sectional design with multi-stage cluster random sampling method was adopted in this study,and a face-to-face interview was conducted to collect the information of socio-economic household and diarrhea within two weeks. All information was obtained by recalling from the respondents. Results The two-week prevalence rate of diarrhea among the children was 17.3%. The prevalence was higher in boys （17. 6%） than girls （16.9%）,but the difference was not significant （P〈0.05）. The two-week prevalence rates of diarrhea among children with different age groups were 16.5% ,28.4% ,25.0% ,10.9% ,9.8% ,and 4.9% in 0-5,6-11,12-17,18 -23,24-29, and 30- 35 months aged group, respectively. The differences of prevalence among the different age groups were significant （P〈0. 05） ,and the prevalence was highest in 6-11 months of age. The Logistic regression model was used to analysis the possible influencing factors of two-week diarrhea among the children under the age of 3 years. Finally, the fac- tors such as the age of children,whether catch a cold in the past two weeks,the poorer sight of mother at night during preg- nancy than before, the age of children when added protein complimentary foods and the pan used to cook in family had strong relationships with the two-week prevalence rate of diarrhea among children （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The two-week preva- lence rate of diarrhea among the children under the age of 3 years is high in rural Lhasa. In order to reduce the two-week prevalence rate of diarrhea, the mother should be educated on how to raise their children, strengthening nutrient supplementation during pregnancy, and introducing protein complementary foods timely should be especially promoted by the local government.

关 键 词：腹泻 两周患病率 儿童 拉萨市农村 

分 类 号：R174[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]