建设项目安全事故阶段性演化机理研究  

Research on four stage evolution mechanism of construction project accident

作　　者：严小丽[1] 何超[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海工程技术大学管理学院

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2015年第6期111-117,共7页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金资助(12YJC630242);国家哲学社会科学基金资助(14BTQ026);上海市教育委员会科研创新重点项目(13ZS130)

摘　　要：为有效预防及控制建设项目安全事故,研究其事故演变的阶段性特征及其演化机理,并提出应对策略。在已有事故阶段性划分研究基础上,将建设项目安全事故划分为危机潜伏期、事故爆发期、蔓延期和终结期,采取尖点突变、诱因耦合、耗散结构等理论与方法分别分析4个阶段的演化机理。结果表明,在危机潜伏期,应注意预防与控制人的不安全行为、物的不安全状态及切断二者耦合路径;在事故爆发期,应采取控制人和管理因素等增加有效负熵,抵消正熵的措施;在事故蔓延期,应采取控制危险源、隔离或增阻等策略控制事故;在事故终结期,重在通过总结事故原因,反省事故教训。Aiming at preventing and controlling construction project accidents effectively,this paper made a research on evolution of construction project accident and then provided responding strategies. This paper divided a construction project accident into four stages,which are latency stage,eruptive stage,spreading stage and end stage. Using theory of cusp catastrophe model,incentives coupling and dissipative structure,this paper analyzed every stage＇s internal mechanism. Responding strategies for the stages were presented based on evolution mechanism. The results show that during the incubation period,attention should be paid to controlling the unsafe human actions,the unsafe object states and the amputation of their coupling,that during the eruption period,measures should be taken for controlling the factors of human beings and management to increase effective negative entropy and decrease positive entropy,that during the spreading period,measures for dangerous source controlling,insulation and increased resistance should be taken,and that during the end period,causes of the accident should be summarized.

关 键 词：建设项目安全事故 演化机理 尖点突变 诱因耦合 耗散结构 

分 类 号：X948[环境科学与工程—安全科学]