城市室内外灰尘重金属形态差异分析——以贵阳市为例  

A Study on Forms of Heavy Metals in Indoor and Street Dusts——Take Guiyang City for Example

作　　者：邓高松[1,2] 陈思民[1] 李晓燕[1] 谢知政 

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵阳550001 [2]上海谱尼测试技术有限公司,上海200233

出　　处：《地球与环境》2015年第4期451-456,共6页Earth and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41161079)

摘　　要：本文以贵阳市为研究对象,选取室内外对应的样点16个,采集灰尘样品,利用tessier五步提取法提取室内外灰尘中的重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni和Cd,分析室内外灰尘中重金属的形态分布及差异,并通过生物活性和迁移能力的比较评价室内外灰尘中重金属的潜在危害。结果显示:室内外灰尘重金属主要以铁锰氧化物结合态、有机结合态和残渣态形式存在。Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni和Cd在室内灰尘中的可交换态比例均远高于室外,而其在室外灰尘中有机结合态和碳酸盐结合态比例均高于室内,铁锰氧化物结合态除Cu外,其它元素均表现为室内所占比例高于室外。Cu、Ni和Cd在室内灰尘中的生物活性均高于室外,5种元素中,室内灰尘Cd的迁移性和生物活性最强。Five chemical forms of Cu,Zn,Pb,Ni and Cd in indoor and street dusts collected from 16 sample sites in Guiyang City were analyzed with tessier sequential extraction procedure and their potential hazards were evaluated by comparing their availability and bioavailability. Results show that heavy metals in dust present higher affinity to the bound with Fe-Mn oxides, organic matter and residual. The exchangeable forms of Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni and Cd in indoor dust are far higher than those in street dust, while heavy metals bound with organic matter and carbonates in street dust are higher than those in indoor dust. Zn, Pb, Ni and Cd bound with Fe-Mn oxidesin indoor dust are higher than those in street dust. The bioavailable Cu, Ni and Cd in indoor dust are higher than those in street dust. Among the studied five heavy metals, availability and bioavailability of Cd are both the highest.

关 键 词：重金属 形态 灰尘 室内外 贵阳 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]