碘化活性炭吸附和预富集水体汞的方法  

Mercury Collection and Pre-concentration from Water by Using Iodine-impregnated Activated Carbon

作　　者：阳许 付学吾[2] 何天容[1] 王训[2] 尹德良[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学喀斯特环境与地质灾害防治教育部重点实验室,贵阳550003 [2]中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵阳550002

出　　处：《地球与环境》2015年第4期469-475,共7页Earth and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41273145;41473025)

摘　　要：化学处理活性炭对汞等重金属离子具有良好的吸附特性。通过一系列测试获得了碘化和氯化活性炭预富集水体汞的优化方案。对实验室配制汞标准样品的测试表明,碘化和氯化活性炭对汞具有良好的吸附特性,而采样管的内径、活性炭的填充量以及过滤流速均影响活性炭预富集水体汞的效率。采用600mg的碘化活性炭采样管（内径：0.35cm）,在水体过滤流速为10r/min（7mL/min）~25r/min（17mL/min）的条件下,碘化活性炭对水体汞的吸附效率可达到95%以上。增加流速和采样管内径以及减少活性炭填充量均会降低活性炭对水体汞的吸附效率。同时进一步测试了碘化活性炭对高汞（万山汞矿区渗滤水,含量范围：37.68~321.57ng/L）和低汞（贵阳市降水,含量范围：2.76~9.98ng/L）等天然水体汞的预富集效率,其预富集效率的平均值分别为96.74%（n=8）和96.09%（n=8）。该研究为采用化学处理活性炭技术预富集天然水体汞以及开展水体汞同位素测试提供了一种全新方法。Chemically treated activated carbons has good adsorption performance for heavy metals like mercury. This paper worked through a series of tests and acquired an optimum proposal of collection and pre-coneentration of mercury by using io- dine- and chloride- impregnated activated carbon. Mercury standard samples prepared in laboratory tests show that, although i- odine- and chloride- impregnated activated carbons have good adsorption performance for mercury, the collection efficiency of activated carbon traps for Hg from water is influenced by the inner diameters （ID） of traps, the mass of activated carbon and the flow rate of water. The method resulted in acceptable yields （95%） on the condition including trap ID of 0.35 em, filled with 600 mg iodine-impregnated activated carbon, and flow rate of the peristaltic pump of 10 r/min （7 mL/min） - 25 r/min （17 mL/min）. Notably, increasing flow rate, the trap inner diameters and decreasing mass of activated carbon would decrease the collection efficiency of activated carbon traps from water mercury. This paper further tested the collection efficiency of iodine- impregnated activated carbon for high concentrations of mercury （the percolating water from Wanshan Mine area, concentrations ranging 37.68 to 321.57 ng/L） and low concentrations of mercury （precipitation, Guiyang City, concentrations ranging 2.76 to 9.98 ng/L）. The average collection efficiencies for high concentration and low concentration of Hg reached 96.74% （n 8） and 96.09% （n=8）, respectively. In this research, we proposed a new method for the pre-concentration of mercury from natural water by using chemically treated activated carbon and with water mercury isotope test.

关 键 词：活性炭 预富集 吸附效率 汞同位素 

分 类 号：X783.03[环境科学与工程—环境工程]