不同有机无机肥配比对冷浸田土壤肥力及水稻生长的影响  

Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on fertility and rice growth in cold spring paddy soil

作　　者：刘杰[1] 罗尊长[1] 肖小平[1] 瞿德明 孙耿[1] 洪曦[1] 罗贤树 罗志勇 余崇祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125 [2]浏阳市土壤肥料工作站,湖南浏阳410300

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2015年第4期23-27,共5页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201003059-6);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD05B05-3);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2014JJ6064);中国农业科学院土壤质量重点实验室开放基金项目(201501)

摘　　要：为了消减冷浸型中低产田长期浸渍、泥温低、土壤有效养分低等障碍因子,通过田间小区试验和动态取样与室内测定,研究了不同有机无机肥配比对冷浸田土壤肥力及水稻生长的影响。结果表明:与复合肥处理比较,复合肥与40%(N)生鸡粪配施处理的土壤磷酸铁盐和磷酸钙盐含量分别提高11%和17%,复合肥与60%(N)生鸡粪配施处理的土壤磷酸铝盐含量提高44%,且磷酸铝盐、磷酸铁盐和磷酸钙盐占无机磷总量的比例提高,闭蓄态磷占无机磷总量的比例降低,促使土壤中难溶性磷向易溶性磷转化,提高土壤有效磷含量;复合肥配施60%(N)生鸡粪处理的土壤松结态腐殖质占重组腐殖质的比例提高1.9个百分点,紧结态腐殖质占重组腐殖质的比例降低4.6个百分点,土壤活性有机质含量提高14%,土壤阳离子交换量提高11%;复合肥与40%(N)生鸡粪配施处理的土壤真菌和放线菌数量分别提高33%和28%,复合肥配施60%(N)生鸡粪处理的土壤细菌数和微生物活性分别提高160%和19%,水稻磷、钾吸收量分别提高5%和111%;复合肥与40%(N)生鸡粪配施处理的早、晚稻产量分别增加8%和42%,复合肥与60%(N)生鸡粪配施处理的早、晚稻产量分别增加6%和31%。有机无机平衡施肥是适合于冷浸田水稻增产的施肥方式。The effect of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil fertility properties and rice growth was researched by dynamic sampling and analysis in field experiment to reduce harm of the obstacle characteristics in cold paddy soil such as low temperature, flooding, bad structure and low soil available nutrient. The results showed that compared with com- pound fertilizer, in treatment of combination of organic （40% N） and inorganic fertilization soil Fe-P and Ca-P contents were increased by 11% and 17% respectively; in treatment of combination of organic （60% N） and inorganic fertilization soil A1-P contents was increased by 44%, and the percentage of AI-P, Fe-P and Ca-P were increased, the percentage of O-P was reduced, the transformation of insoluble phosphate to the soluble phosphorus was promoted, content of soil available phosphorus was increased, the contribution of loosely combined humus to total humus was increased by 1.9% , the contribution of tightly combined humus to total humus was reduced by 4. 6% , the active organic matter contents and cation exchange capacity were increased by 14% and 11% respectively. Fungus and actinomycetes contents were increased by 33% and 28% respectively in treatment of combination of organic （40% N） and inorganic fertilization. Bacterium content and microorganism activity in treat- ment of combination of organic （60% N） and inorganic fertilization were increased by 160% and 19% respectively, and the absorption of phosphorus and potassium by rice were increased by 5% and 111% respectively. The early rice yield and late rice yield in combination of organic （40% N） and inorganic fertilization were increased by 8% and 42% , while in combination of organic （60% N） and inorganic fertilization they were increased by 6% and by 31% , respectively. Effect of organic and inorganic balance fertilization was efficient in improving cold spring paddy soil fertility and increasing rice yield.

关 键 词：冷浸田 有机无机肥 土壤肥力 水稻 

分 类 号：S156.8[农业科学—土壤学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学]