苹果传粉昆虫种类及其访花习性的研究  

The study of pollinating insects and their flower-visiting behavior on Malus pumila Mill

作　　者：申晋山[1] 武文卿[1] 宋怀磊[1] 马卫华[1] 邵有全[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农科院园艺研究所,太原030031

出　　处：《环境昆虫学报》2015年第4期720-725,共6页Journal of Environmental Entomology

基　　金：国家农业技术体系专项资金(CARS-45-KXJ5);国家公益性行业(农业)专项(201203080);山西省科技攻关项目(20140311006-10)

摘　　要：为了解苹果花期的传粉昆虫,更好地利用昆虫为苹果授粉,本文对山西运城临猗、临汾隰县苹果的传粉昆虫进行调查,结果表明:调查区苹果传粉昆虫共计23种,隶属于4目、14科,主要传粉昆虫依次为膜翅目的蜜蜂科、条蜂科、切叶蜂科、地蜂科和双翅目的食蚜蝇科。其中,意大利蜜蜂和毛附黑条蜂为主要传粉昆虫。日活动规律观察表明,蜜蜂属于双峰型,条蜂属于单峰型;条蜂出巢温度(温度为16.4℃)低于蜜蜂的出巢温度(18.8℃),11∶00-12∶00和15∶00-16∶00为蜜蜂访花高峰,条蜂访花高峰在10∶00-11∶00。To understand pollination insects and the use of insect pollination at apple florescence, flower -visiting insects were observed in Linyi county （Yuncheng） and Xi county （Linfen）. The results showed that 23 species were identified, belonging to 4 orders, 14 families. The most common visitors were Apidae, Anthophoridae, Megachilidae, Andrenidae, Syrphidae. The observation of daily activity pattern showed that Apis mellifera Linne belong to the bimodal type, Anthophora acervoum villosula Smith belongs to unimodal type. A. acervorum out of the nest temperature （ 16. 4℃ ） was lower than the bees temperature （ 18.8 ℃ ）, the peak of A. acervorum pollination at 11：00 - 12：00 and 15：00 - 16：00, the peak of bee pollination at 10：00 -11：00.

关 键 词：意大利蜜蜂 苹果传粉昆虫 毛附黑条蜂 访花习性 

分 类 号：Q968.1[生物学—昆虫学] S433.39[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]