西南三省39县(市)大绒鼠体表寄生虫感染状况分析  

Analysis of ectoparasites infestation on Eothenomys miletus in 39 counties of three provinces in Southwest China

作　　者：彭培英[1] 郭宪国[1] 宋文宇[1] 候鹏[1] 邹云集 范蓉[1] 何雪松[1] 

机构地区：[1]大理学院病原与媒介生物研究所(云南省自然疫源性疾病防控技术重点实验室分室),云南大理671000

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2015年第16期3016-3021,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解大绒鼠这一中国特有鼠种体表寄生虫的感染状况。方法 2001-2013年对我国大绒鼠主要分布区（地处西南部的云南省、四川西南部和贵州部分地区）进行了大绒鼠体表寄生虫的大范围和大样本调查。结果从所调查的39个县（市）,累计捕获到2 463只大绒鼠,宿主样本量很大。不同海拔地带大绒鼠分布存在差异,1 400～2 600 m的海拔地带大绒鼠数量较多。从所捕获的大绒鼠体表共采集到寄生虫71 895只,分类鉴定为18科53属320种（包括30种蚤,9种吸虱,106种革螨,175种恙螨）,种类十分丰富,物种多样性很高。有2 134只大绒鼠感染了寄生虫,感染率高达86.6%。小板纤恙螨、金氏厉螨、缺齿甲胁虱和方叶栉眼蚤分别为恙螨、革螨、吸虱和蚤的优势种,其中方叶栉眼蚤是鼠疫和鼠型斑疹伤寒的重要传播媒介,小板纤恙螨是恙虫病的重要传播媒介。大绒鼠体表寄生虫平均多度的高峰值出现在海拔2 000 m左右的地段。雄性大绒鼠体表寄生虫的种类数（物种丰富度）、感染率和感染度均高于雌性大绒鼠（P〈0.01）。成年鼠体表寄生虫感染率和感染度则略高于非成年鼠（少年鼠和幼年鼠）（P〈0.01）。结论大绒鼠体表寄生虫感染普遍,所感染的虫种十分丰富,物种多样性很高,部分虫种是重要媒介。体表寄生虫倾向选择雄性和成年大绒鼠。大范围、大样本研究至关重要。Objective This work was to understand the infestation of ectoparasites on Eothenomys miletus, an inherent species of rodent in China. Methods An investigation with a large sample size was carried out on the infestation of ectoparasites on E. miletus in its entire distribution scopes（Yunnan province, the southwest of Sichuan province and some parts of Guizhou province） between2001 and 2013. Results 2463 individuals of E. miletus were trapped from the 39 counties investigated. The distribution of E.miletus varied with altitude gradients. The distribution of E. miletus was the heaviest between 1400 m and 2600 m. 2134 out of2463 E. miletus were infested with E. miletus, with a high prevalence of 86.6%. From the infected individuals, a total of 71, 895 ectoparasites were captured and identified as 320 different species in 53 genera and 18 families, including 30 species of fleas, 9species of sucking lice, 106 species of gamasid mites and 175 species of chigger mites, which showed that E. miletus harbored abundant ectoparasites on its body surface with lots of parasite species. Leptotrombidium scutellare, Laelaps chini, Hoplopleura edentula, Ctenophthalmus quadratus were the predominant species of chigger mites, gamasid mites, sucking lice and fleas,respectively. Of these four species, C. quadratus is the important vector of plague and murine typhus, and L. scutellare can transmit the tsutsugamushi disease. The mean abundance of ectoparasites on E. miletus peaks in about 2000 m of altitude. The species richness, prevalence and mean intensity of ectoparasites on male E. miletus were higher than these on females（P〈0.01）. The prevalence and mean intensity of ectoparasites on adult E. miletus were slightly higher than these on infants and juveniles（P〈0.01）.Conclusion The infestation of ectoparasites on E. miletus is very common with high species diversity. Some ectoparasite species are important vectors transmiting some zoonoses. Ectoparasites prefer parasitizing adult male E. miletus. A wider geographical s

关 键 词：大绒鼠 体表寄生虫 感染分布 中国西南 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]