哈尔滨市空气污染对小学生呼吸系统疾病的影响  

Study on effects of air pollution in Harbin on respiratory diseases in elementary school students

作　　者：李泓冰[1] 朱琳[1] 崔国权[1] 杨超[1] 李韶梅[1] 刘晓波[1] 吕松[1] 袁慧[1] 李晶[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省哈尔滨市疾病预防控制中心,150056

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2015年第6期884-886,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家空气污染与疾病监测项目

摘　　要：目的研究哈尔滨市空气污染对儿童呼吸系统疾病的影响,为帮助人们认识空气污染对儿童呼吸系统健康危害提供参考。方法运用现场流行病学调查方法,对哈尔滨市大气污染水平不同的2个地区的1 038名小学生进行了健康问卷调查,收集哈尔滨市2004—2010年空气质量监测资料,采用Excel 2003和SPSS 13.0统计软件进行统计学分析。结果对2个研究区居住年限超过3 a的5~13岁866名小学生2010年呼吸系统疾病发病情况进行分析发现,儿童呼吸系统总疾病,以及哮喘、慢性咽炎/喉炎、扁桃体炎、肺炎、过敏性鼻炎的标化发生率为污染区高于对照区（χ2值分别为58.90,4.33,7.50,7.50,26.14,7.43,P值均〈0.05）。2个研究区儿童呼吸系统疾病发生危险性Logistic分析结果显示,污染区高于对照区,污染区呼吸系统总疾病发生危险性是对照区的1.109倍,小学生6种呼吸系统疾病发生危险性表现为污染区是对照区的1.024~1.569倍。结论大气污染对儿童呼吸系统产生了一定的危害。Objective To study on effect of air pollution on respiratory diseases in children. Methods A cross sectional epidemiological study was carried out in 1 038 elementary school students two places in Harbin city with different degrees air pollu- tion by questionnaire to collect material on air quality on Harbin. The data was analyzed by Excel 2003 and SPSS 13.0. Results The standardized incidence of asthma, chronic pharyngitis or laryngitis, antiaditis, pneumonia, allergic rhinitis of children in con- taminated area were significantly higher than those in control area. The result by Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of respiratory illnesses in contaminated area were higher than those in control area. The risk of total disease in contaminated area was 1.109 times as those in control area. The risk of six respiratory illnesses in contaminated area were 1.024-1.569 times as those in control area. Conclusion The risk of the prevalence of respiratory diseases are also increased along with air pollution.

关 键 词：空气污染 室内 儿童 呼吸系统 疾病 

分 类 号：R195.4[医药卫生—卫生统计学] R56[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]