减量施肥和灌溉对红麻生长和产量的影响  

Effects of Reducing Irrigation and Fertilization on Growth and Yield of Kenaf(Hibiscus cannabinus)

作　　者：王道波[1,2] 李伏生[1] 宋岩[3] 周瑞阳[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院,南宁530004 [2]钦州学院资源与环境学院,广西钦州535000 [3]北京航空航天大学北海学院,广西北海536001

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2015年第11期2610-2614,2619,共6页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目(20011AA100504);广西壮族自治区自然科学基金项目(2013GXNSFBA019090);广西高校科技项目(2013LX237;LX2014678)

摘　　要：通过大田小区试验,研究减量灌溉和施肥对红麻(Hibiscus cannabinus)生长和产量的影响,以探讨红麻水肥利用特点,为红麻高产高效栽培水肥管理提供合理依据。结果表明,与足量施肥相比,减少25%施肥量显著降低红麻株高等农艺性状、生麻产量和地上部产量;与足量灌溉相比,减少20%灌水量和40%灌水量均显著降低红麻株高等农艺性状和生麻产量,表明足量施肥和灌溉是红麻高产稳产的必备条件。足量施肥和灌溉的红麻生麻产量显著高于其他处理。减少25%施肥量时,减少20%灌水量的红麻生麻产量显著高于减少40%灌水量,但与足量灌溉之间的差异不明显,表明水和肥应协调供应。因此,为了获得理想的产量,红麻应按照灌水定额进行灌溉,施肥量采用200 kg N/hm2,66.7 kg P2O5/hm2,133.4 kg K2O/hm2。但水和肥有一种供应不足时,应当减少另一种的用量。The effects of reducing irrigation and fertilization on growth and yield were studied by a field experiment to investigate the character of water and fertilzcr use, so as to provide rational irrigation and fertilization for high yield and high efficient cultivation of kenaf. The results showed that compared with adequate fertilization, reducing 25% fertilization significantly reduced agronomic traits, dry bark weight and shoot dry weight of Kenaf. It showed that adequate fertilization was the guaranteed of high and stable yield. Compared with adequate irrigation, reducing 20% irrigation and 40% irrigation decreased significantly agronomic traits and dry bark weight of Kenaf. It showed that irrigation was necessary for high yield. In adequate fertilization and irrigation, yield of kenaf was significantly higher than other treatments. In reducing 25% fertilizer amount, reducing 20% irrigation was the most adaptive irrigation level. It is indicated that the best strategy of irrigation and fertilization mode was full fertilization （N 200 kg/hm2, P205 66.7 kg/hm2, K20 133.4 kg/hm2） with Irrigation quota, ff one of irrigation and fertilization was in short supply, the amount of the other should be redueed.

关 键 词：红麻(Hibiscus cannabinus) 减量灌溉 减量施肥 生麻产量 农艺性状 

分 类 号：S563.5[农业科学—作物学] S318