社会比较与运动员自我损耗:自主选择的调节作用  

Social Comparison and Athletes'Self-consumption:The Moderate Effect of Self-selection

作　　者：阳海英[1] 张力为[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学体育部,四川成都611756 [2]北京体育大学运动人体科学学院运动心理学教研室,北京100084

出　　处：《武汉体育学院学报》2015年第8期57-63,共7页Journal of Wuhan Sports University

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(11BTY049);国家体育总局科研项目(2012A023)

摘　　要：检验社会比较是否使运动员产生自我损耗以及自主选择在社会比较与运动员自我损耗关系间的调节作用。40名大学生运动员(男:38名,女:2名,年龄为19.900士1.148)参与该研究,实验采用2×2两因素组间设计,参与者首先分别完成5分钟不同自主选择的社会比较任务,然后完成Stroop任务测试。结果发现,社会比较与控制组在Stroop任务不一致错误数上差异显著,F(1,36)=7.565,p=0.009,η2=0.174,该结果表明,社会比较使运动员产生自我损耗;在控制选择条件下,社会比较与控制组在Stroop任务不一致错误数差异显著,F(1,18)=9.789,p=.006,η2=.352,而在自主选择条件下,不同社会比较组在Stroop各项任务成绩上差异不显著,F(4,15)=2.834,p=0.062,η2=0.430,该结果表明,自主选择在社会比较与运动员自我损耗关系间起调节作用。该研究提示,运动员面临社会比较情境时,应给予他们自主权,而不是强迫他们去面对社会比较,这样可避免消耗更多的自我控制能量以利于后续比赛或训练。This research was designed to test whether or not society could make the athletes self-consuming and self-selec- tion could take moderate effect to handle the relationship between the society comparison and athletes＇ self-consuming. 40 college athletes （male： 38, female： 2, with a age 19. 900-1-1. 148） participated this research, and the research adopted two-factors between 2×2 block design. The participants completed the tasks of social comparison of different self-selec- tions in five minutes separately at first, and then performed a task, and then complete the test of Stroop task. The result showed that the differences between the group of social comparison and control group in non-match mistaken numbers of Stroop task are apparently, F（1,18）= 9. 789, p=. 006, η^2=0. 352. Meanwhile, under the condition of self-selection, the differences between different groups of social comparison in Stroop respective task are not apparently, F（4,15）= 2. 834, p=0. 062, η^2 =0. 430. This means self-selection could take moderate effect to handle the relationship between the society comparison and athletes＇ self-consuming. When the athletes were faced with the circumstance of society comparison, we should not force them to face it, but give them autonomy. In such a way could the athletes avoid consume too much energy of self-control to compete or train better.

关 键 词：社会比较 自我损耗 自主选择 调节作用 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]