光学坐标测量机的搭建与实现  

Establishment and Realization of the Optical Coordinate Measuring Machine

作　　者：毕超[1] 吕来鹏 房建国[1] 刘勇[1] 杨希[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空精密机械研究所精密制造技术航空科技重点实验室,北京100076

出　　处：《宇航计测技术》2015年第4期19-23,共5页Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement

基　　金：中国航空工业集团公司技术创新基金项目(2011F30324)

摘　　要：为了高速高精高效地完成中小型复杂型面零件的测量,基于激光位移传感器和三坐标测量机等搭建了非接触式的光学坐标测量机,从而将测量机和光学测头的优点结合起来以应对空间自由曲面的测量任务。通过测头标定技术获得测量光束所在直线的单位方向向量,进而将激光测头的一维距离值转化为测量光斑的三维坐标值,然后通过坐标系转换将此坐标值转化到统一的测量机坐标系下,进而完成被测曲面三维点云的创建。最后,对一个直径已知的球在10个不同方位进行测量,通过点云数据拟合球面方程得到其直径作为测量结果,所得各次测量结果的误差均小于0.05mm,充分说明所搭建的测量系统的有效性。For the purpose of measuring middle and small workpieces with complex surfaces in a rapid, precise and efficient manner, a non-contact optical coordinate measuring machine based on the la- ser displacement sensor and coordinate measuring machine is established, which combines the advantages of CMM and optical sensor together to deal with the measurement of sculptured surfaces Through calibra- tion, the unit vector of the measuring beam of the sensor can be derived, which can be used to transform the one-dimensional length of the laser beam to the three-dimensional coordinates of the laser point on the surface. And then the coordinates of measuring points can be converted to the same coordinate system of the CMM to complete the construction of the data clouds. Finally, a metallic sphere whose diameter is 50mm is measured by the system at 10 different orientations. Through the least squares fit of the data cloud, the measuring errors are all smaller than 0. 05mm, which manifests the validity of the system set up.

关 键 词：坐标测量机 非接触 光学测头 

分 类 号：O435[机械工程—光学工程]