河南区域暴雨的若干雷达回波特征  

Several Doppler Radar Echo Features of Regional Rainstorm in Henan Province

作　　者：张一平[1,2] 孙景兰[3] 牛淑贞[1,2] 张霞[1,2] 袁小超[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局.河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室,郑州450003 [2]河南省气象台,郑州450003 [3]河南省气象局,郑州450003

出　　处：《气象与环境科学》2015年第3期25-36,共12页Meteorological and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：中国气象局气象关键技术集成与应用面上项目(CMAGJ2015M36);中国气象局预报员专项(CMAYBY2013-042);淮河流域气象开放研究基金项目(HRM201105);河南省气象局科研项目(Z201401)资助

摘　　要：利用新一代多普勒天气雷达资料及国家、区域自动站和常规高空地面资料,分析了2008-2013年河南省9次区域暴雨回波系统的形态、结构特征、移动特点和降水强度等,分析了区域暴雨过程中中γ尺度对流系统的降水特征。结果表明：1）河南区域暴雨落区主要位于高空槽前和副高西北侧、中低层切变线之间、低涡东南侧、低空急流左前侧,以及地面倒槽或气旋顶部偏北到偏东气流中。2）从新一代雷达监测产品来看,河南省区域暴雨主要有积云降水、积层混合降水和层状云降水三种回波类型,其中混合降水包括以积云为主的混合降水和以层云为主的混合降水,是河南省区域暴雨的主要回波类型。3）降水强度与回波类型、结构特征、移动特点等均有关系,特别是≥50 mm/h的短时强降水与γ中尺度对流系统密切相关,强降水超级单体可造成局地50 mm/h以上的强降水,并多伴有雷暴大风、龙卷等剧烈对流天气。一般情况下,积云降水强度最大,混合降水次之,层云降水强度最小。综合分析来看,雨强与回波强度比与回波性质有更好的相关性。≥50 mm/h的强降水多由强降水超级单体和因辐合、气旋、后向传播等使回波加强、合并、发展旺盛的准静止状态的50~60 d Bz的强积云降水回波产生;≥20 mm/h强降水多由积层混合降水中≥45 d Bz的积云回波产生。10 mm/h以上的降水落区和≥40 d Bz的较强回波有很好的对应关系;〈40 d Bz的层云回波降水强度通常在10 mm/h以下。The form, structural features, movement and precipitation intensity of nine continuous rainstorm echo systems of Henan province in 2008-2013 have been analyzed by using Doppler radar data, conventional upper air and surface observation data, revealing the precipitation characteristics of the mesoscale convective systems during the continuous heavy rain. The results are as follows. 1 ） Henan regional rainstorm areas are mainly located between the front upper trough and the northwest side of the subtropical high, and the middle and lower shear line, and also located in the southeast of the vortex, the left front side of low level torrent, ground inverted trough or cyclonic northerly to easterly airstream. 2） The three echo types of Henan regional rainstorm are cumulus precipitation echo,stratiform mixed precipitation echo and stratiform precipitation echo. And mixed precipitation is the main echo type of Henan regional rainstorm,which includes precipitation dominated by cumulus and by stratiform. 3 ） The precipitation intensity is related with echo type, structural features, and moving features, especially the hour rainfall intensity larger than 50 mm/h of the short-term heavy rainfall is closely related to the γ mesoscale convective system. Heavy precipitation supercell may cause local 50 mm/h or more heavy rainfall and often accompanied with thunderstorms, strong winds, tornadoes and other severe convective weather. Under normal circumstances, the cumulus precipitation intensity is largest, followed by mixed precipitation, and the stratiform precipitation intensity is minimal. Rainfall intensity and echo intensity correlated better than echo properties according to the comprehensive analysis. The hour rainfall intensity larger than 50 mm/h of the heavy rainfall mainly produced by the heavy precipitation supercell and the 50-60 dBz strong cumulus precipitation echo in quasi-stationary state, which formed by convergence, cyclones, back-propagation making the echo strengthen, merge, and strong develop. The ho

关 键 词：区域暴雨 回波类型 雨强 中小尺度系统 

分 类 号：P458.121.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]