影响山东半岛的两次台风暴雨对比分析  

Comparative Analysis of Two Typhoon Rainstorm Processes Affected Shandong Peninsula

作　　者：黄昌兴[1] 江敦双 李欣 朱春子[1] 

机构地区：[1]水利部水文局,北京100053 [2]青岛市气象局,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《气象与环境科学》2015年第3期70-77,共8页Meteorological and Environmental Sciences

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑项目(2012BAC21B0101)资助

摘　　要：利用常规气象观测资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,对比分析了2011年影响山东半岛的两次台风暴雨过程。结果表明,台风影响产生的强降水除与台风本身的强弱、移动速度、登陆后减弱快慢有关外,还与副高的强弱、位置有关。台风"米雷"影响时,副热带高压中心呈纬向分布,并与东北高压脊同位相叠加形成高压坝,造成"米雷"在荣成市成山镇登陆并缓慢西进;台风"梅花"影响时,副热带高压中心呈经向分布,华北地区有弱槽活动,造成"梅花"在朝鲜半岛北部海岸登陆。两个台风产生的暴雨多发生在台风中心路径左侧2个经度内,暴雨区与水汽辐合中心基本吻合,但"米雷"产生的暴雨基本是自身的能量产生的,"梅花"产生的暴雨是由台风和西风带弱的系统相互作用造成的。两次台风均给山东半岛带来了暴雨,降水中心均出现在台风中心左侧2个经度内和500h Pa上θse大于72℃的高能区内,"梅花"较"米雷"的能量场中高能区的水平范围要大得多。"米雷"强度明显弱于"梅花",但两者强降水强度和落区却相似,主要是因"米雷"在荣成市登陆后西行缓慢,有利于降水的增加和持续;山东半岛东部的山地地形对暴雨起到了增幅作用。By using conventional observation data and NCEP 1 ° × 1 °reanalysis data, comparative a- nalysis is investigated on two typhoon rainstorm processes ＂ Meari＂ and ＂ Muifa＂, affecting Shandong peninsula in 2011. The results indicate that strong precipitation affected by typhoon has relation with typhoon intensity, moving speed, weakening speed after landing, along with subtropical high intensity and its location. Zonal distribution of center of subtropical high and overlapping with northeast ridge, coming into being high dam, makes landing in Rongcheng and slowly moving westward over ＂ Meari＂. But for ＂Muifa＂ meridional distribution of subtropical high and weak trough activities over North China cause its landing on the northern coast of Korean peninsula. Rainstorm occurs 2 degree longitude away from typhoon path with heavy rain area and water vapor convergence almost fitting over the two typhoon, with generating from its own energy for ＂Meari＂, but interaction with weak westerly system for ＂Muifa＂. The centers of the two rainstorms both appear in the high energy region of typhoon center left away 2 degree longitude and high energy region for θse over 72 ℃ over 500 hPa, with horizontal area of high energy re- gion of energy field of ＂Muifa＂ horizontal area greater than ＂Meari＂. Strength of ＂Meari＂ is significantly weaker than ＂Muifa＂, however both intensity and area of strong precipitation are similar, mainly owing to westward slowly after landing in Rongcheng over ＂Meari＂, which makes precipitation increasing and sustaining; eastern mountainous terrain of Shandong peninsula promotes the augment of rainstorm.

关 键 词：台风 暴雨 涡度 山东半岛 

分 类 号：P458.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]