中国污染密集型产业的空间集聚与区域转移  

Spatial Agglomeration and Regional Shift of Pollution-intensive Industries in China

作　　者：张静进[1,2] 王毅[1] 黄宝荣[1] 李颖明[1] 宋敦江[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院科技政策与管理科学研究所,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《工业技术经济》2015年第8期3-11,共9页Journal of Industrial Technological Economics

基　　金：中国科学院科技政策与管理科学研究所"一三五"战略发展规划重大任务"中国绿色低碳发展路线图研究"(项目编号:Y201131Z05);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项"应对气候变化的碳收支认证及相关问题"(项目编号:XDA05140300)

摘　　要：伴随着我国区域梯度产业转移,污染密集型产业在空间分布上有了较大的变化。本文采用产业结构变动系数和偏离——份额分析来对我国污染密集型产业转移进行综合定量分析。结果发现,中国污染密集型产业的结构变动相对稳定,但地域分异明显,产业结构变动系数大小主要取决于当地资源禀赋、经济发展状况、区位性和结构性因素。通过偏离——份额分析发现,污染密集型产业跨区域迁移主要受到区位优势的影响。从结构效应来看,污染密集型产业发展对中国中长期就业的贡献在下降。从空间效应来看,东北、东部沿海、南部沿海区域是污染密集型产业转出数量最多的区域,而中部、西南和北部沿海区域成为产业转入最多的区域。从转移产业部门来看,矿产资源开采业主要由东北和东部沿海区域集聚式转移至中部和北部沿海区域;金属冶炼及压延工业主要由东北和北部沿海区域转移至中西部和南部沿海区域;化学工业与造纸行业由沿海地区向中西部地区扩散式转移;电力/热力的生产和供应业则向沿海地区集聚式转移。Along with China＇s industrial gradient transfer between regions, pollution- intensive industries had made significant changes in the spatial distribution. In this paper, the variation coefficient of industrial structure and Shift- Share - Analysis has been taken to analyze the measurement of pollution- intensive industries transfer between regions. The results showed that the structure changes of China＇s pollution- intensive industries were relatively stable, but different regions were significant differentiation. The variation coefficient of industrial structure depends on the local natural resources, economic development, regional and structural factors. Through Shift- Share- Analysis, the inter- regional migration of pollution- intensive industries was primarily affected by location advantages. From the view of structural effect, the contribution of pollution- intensive industries to Chinese long-term employment was declining. From the view of spatial effect, the northeast, east coast and southern coastal areas were the largest number regions of pollution- intensive industries output, while the central, southwestern and northern coastal areas became the largest industrial input area. From the view of industrial transfer sectors, the exploitation of mineral resources industry mainly aggregately shifted from the northeast and eastern coastal areas to the central and northern coastal areas. Metal smelting and pressing industry was mainly transferred from the northeast and noflhem coastal areas to the central, west and southern coastal areas. Chemical industry and papermaking industry diffusely shifted from coastal areas to central and western regions. Electricity/heating production and supply industry aggregately shifted to the coastal areas.

关 键 词：污染密集型产业 偏离——份额分析 空间集聚 区域转移 

分 类 号：F127[经济管理—世界经济]