精子DNA损伤的相关因素研究进展  

Related factors of sperm DNA damage: Advances in studies

作　　者：陆金春[1] 

机构地区：[1]武警江苏总队南京医院检验科,江苏南京210028

出　　处：《中华男科学杂志》2015年第8期675-680,共6页National Journal of Andrology

摘　　要：精子DNA损伤的检测作为精液常规检测的重要补充,目前已在一些男科实验室开展。但有哪些因素可能导致精子DNA损伤,这是许多男科医生所关心的问题之一。目前的研究显示,引起精子DNA损伤的因素较多,主要包括年龄、环境污染物(如有机磷、有机氯杀虫剂、塑料增塑剂等)、重金属(如铅)、致癌物[如多环芳烃(c-PAHs)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)等]、男性生殖系统疾病或全身性疾病(如精索静脉曲张、感染、肿瘤、精子发生和成熟障碍、脊髓损伤以及内分泌功能紊乱等)、季节和温度、生活方式以及禁欲时间、精液冷藏、体外处理操作、服用某些药物等,其中精子发生和成熟障碍可能是最隐秘的原因,涉及到一些影响精子核染色质包装和重组的分子机制,如组蛋白向鱼精蛋白的转换、基因的单核苷酸多态性、端粒的作用等,其可能为未来精子DNA损伤研究中的热点之一。未来研究的重点应是预防精子DNA损伤,并阐明引起精子DNA损伤的具体机制,从而为已经造成的精子DNA损伤的治疗提供依据。The detection of sperm DNA damage, as an important supplement to semen routine examination strategies, has been applied in some clinical andrology laboratories. What factors may lead to sperm DNA damage remains one of the concerns among many andrologists. Present studies show a variety of factors of sperm DNA damage, including age, environmental pollutants such as organo- phosphorus and organochloride pesticides, plasticizer, heavy metals such as lead, carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （c-PAHs） and zearalenone （ZEA）, male reproductive system diseases or systemic diseases such as varicocele, infection, tumor, spermatogenesis and maturation dysfunction, spinal cord injury and endocrine disorders, seasons and temperature, lifestyle, abstinence time, semen refrigeration, semen handling in vitro, and certain medications. Among them, spermatogenesis and sperm maturation dysfunction may be the most secretive factors, which are involved in the molecular mechanisms of sperm chromatin packaging and restructuring, such as the transformation of histone to protamine, single nucleotide polymorphism of genes, and the role of telomere, which may be one of the hotspots in the future studies of sperm DNA damage. Relevant researches in the future are expected to focus on the prevention of sperm DNA damage and clarification of its specific pathogenic mechanisms so as to provide some evidence for its treatment.

关 键 词：精子 DNA损伤 年龄 环境污染物 生活方式 男性生殖系统疾病 

分 类 号：R698.2[医药卫生—泌尿科学]