新发现的侗族田赋实征册考释——兼论清代贵州清水江下游的田粮负担与地权分配  

A Critical Study of the Newly-Discovered Land Tax Books of Dong Minority:The Grain Burden and Land Rights Allocation in the Lower Qingshui River in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：龙泽江[1] 陈洪波[2] 

机构地区：[1]凯里学院原生态民族文化学刊编辑部 [2]凯里学院图书馆

出　　处：《史学月刊》2015年第8期96-104,共9页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"锦屏文书数据库建设与村寨原地保护模式研究"(11BTQ149);教育部人文社会科学研究项目"锦屏文书计量史学研究"(09XJC770003);贵州省教育厅基地项目"贵州侗族村落清代鱼鳞册研究"(JD2013248)

摘　　要：侗族田赋实征册是清水江文书中比较少见的文献类型,具有重要的学术研究价值。通过对该实征册及相关文献的解读,可以得出两点结论:其一,清初侗族农村田赋税率较低,但清代中期以后,受军粮采买和义仓捐谷制度的影响,侗族农村的田粮负担逐步加重,至清末达到顶峰。其二,侗族地区的地权分配相对平均,极少大土地占有者,贫富差距相对较小。但是,由于清代中期人口的快速增长,侗族农村人地关系紧张,绝对贫困人口成为主体,产生了严重的社会问题。Land tax books, as a rare type of Qingshuijiang Documents, have important academical value. By studying of the documents, we come to the conclusion：on the one hand, the land tax rate was very low in the Dong rural areas in the Qing dynasty. But after mid-Qing dynasty, due to army food purchase and grain donation of Yicang impact, the grain burden of land tax increased gradually, and reached to the peak in the late Qing dynasty. On the other hand, land right allocation was almost average, with very few big landlords and relatively small gap between rich and poor. However, due to rapid population growth from mid Qing dynasty, absolute poor people became the majority of the population there, also, land-population tension caused serious social problems.

关 键 词：清代 清水江下游 侗族 田赋实征册 地权分配 

分 类 号：F329[经济管理—产业经济] K249[历史地理—历史学]