外源糖和氮对春小麦花后物质生产的影响  

Effect of Exogenous Application of Sugar and Nitrogen on Post-Anthesis Matter Assimilation in Spring Wheat

作　　者：李建伟[1] 于立河[1] 郭伟[1] 薛赢文[1] 张婷婷[1] 金珊珊[1] 邵凯[1] 闯垒[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院/黑龙江寒地作物种质改良与栽培重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2015年第8期1127-1133,共7页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)专项(201303007);国家农垦总局科技攻关项目(HNK125A-01-02)

摘　　要：为了解花后养分供应对春小麦产量形成的调控效应,以春小麦品种龙麦33为试验材料,分析了叶面喷施糖、氮物质(5%蔗糖和2%尿素)后小麦花后干物质积累、齐穗后群体生长率(CGR)、旗叶SPAD值、净光合速率、可溶性糖含量和全氮含量的变化。结果表明,与对照相比,叶面喷施糖、氮后小麦穗粒数和千粒重均增加,并分别增产6.86%和15.82%。外源糖、氮使小麦花后光合物质积累量及其对籽粒产量的贡献率提高,其中外源糖的效果更明显;外源糖、氮对CGR有显著的促进作用;外源氮显著提高收获指数(增幅11.76%),而外源糖使收获指数略有下降(降幅0.085%);外源糖、氮分别降低和增加旗叶SPAD值,但均提高旗叶净光合速率和全氮含量,降低旗叶可溶性糖含量和糖氮比值(C/N)。可见外源糖、氮对春小麦花后碳、氮代谢和物质生产有一定的调节作用,可促进小麦高产。Post-anthesis nutrient regulation has been regarded as promising way to increase yield in agronomic practices. In order to explore the effect of different nutrient regulation at post-anthesis on increasing yield,spring wheat variety Longmai 33 was used as test materials,and exogenous sugars and nitrogen（2% urea and5% sucrose） were sprayed on the leaf. The dry matter accumulation at post-anthesis,the crop growth rate（CGR） of full heading stage,SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate,soluble sugar content and total nitrogen of flag leaves were analyzed. The results showed that,compared with control（ CK）,exogenous sugar and nitrogen appliclation could increase yield（ by 6. 86% for sucrose and 15. 82% for urea）,grain number and 1 000-kernel weight The post-anthesis dry matter accumulation ratios in grain and its contribution to grain yield were both high,and exogenous sugar was better. The exogenous sugar and nitrogen significantly promoted CGR,while it was positive related to contribution of yield. The exogenous nitrogen application could significantly increase harvest index（ HI） in comparison with control,while HI was declined with the exogenous sugar（ by11. 76% for spraying urea,0. 085% for spraying sucrose）. The exogenous nitrogen had positive effects on chlorophyll content（ SPAD value）,while exogenous sugar reduced it. The exogenous sugar and nitrogen appli-cation could increase net photosynthetic rate（ Pn） and total nitrogen in the flag leaves,while soluble sugar content,soluble sugar content and total nitrogen ratio（ C / N） were decreased. The results indicated that the change of C / N had interaction on higher yield.

关 键 词：干物质 春小麦 可溶性糖 产量 糖氮比 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311