青藏高原32年湿地对气候变化的空间响应  

Spatial responses of wetland change to climate in 32 years in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：邢宇[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心,北京100083 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085

出　　处：《国土资源遥感》2015年第3期99-107,共9页Remote Sensing for Land & Resources

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质调查项目"青藏高原生态地质环境遥感调查与监测"(编号:1212010510218)资助

摘　　要：青藏高原是全球气候变化敏感区,其湿地状况对该区的生态安全有重要影响。基于1975年MSS,1990年TM,2000年ETM和2006年CBERS遥感数据,建立4大类10亚类湿地的遥感解译标志;通过目视和人机交互解译,结合多年野外调查资料,获取4期湿地信息数据;经过Kriging空间插值处理获得1962—2007年青藏高原每一年的年平均降水和气温空间数据;应用Arc Info软件进行Grid计算,以遥感数据的时相分布图为控制层,分别生成4期气温镶嵌图和降水镶嵌图;使用AML宏语言实现湿地变化与气候因子(温度和降水)基于像元的相关分析、偏相关分析和复相关分析,在空间上定量分析湿地变化与气候变化的响应关系。结果表明:青藏高原1975—2000年湿地总面积持续减少,2000年后有所回升;以干燥为主要特征的柴达木流域、祁连山区及黄河流域的湿地变化对降水变化的响应较敏感;在青藏高原整体升温、尤其是低温地区增温幅度较大的情况下,以冰川融水作为补给的湿地对气温变化的响应较为敏感。The Qinghai -Tibet Plateau is an area sensitive to global climate change, and its wetland status plays an important role in the ecological security of the Plateau. Based on the remote sensing data of MSS in 1975, TM in 1990, ETM in 2000 and CBERS in 2006, the author established the interpretation keys, and obtained the wetland information data of the four periods by visual and human - computer interactive interpretation, in combination with the field data accumulated in quite a few years. The annual average precipitation and temperature spatial data were obtained by Kriging spatial interpolation processing for each year from 1962 to 2007 in the Qinghai - Tibet Plateau. With the phase distribution of the remote sensing data as the control layer, the temperature mosaic images of four periods and the precipitation mosaic images were generated by Grid computation using ArcInfo software. Using the pixel- based correlation analysis, the partial correlation analysis and multiple correlation analysis, the author analyzed quantitatively the relationship of spatial response between wetland change and climatic factors （temperature and precipitation） with AML macro language. The results show that the total area of wetlands decreased continuously in the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau from 1975 to 2000, but the total area of wetlands increased after 2000. The responses of wetland change to precipitation in the Chaidam Basin, Hexi Corridor and the Yellow River Basin characterized by dry climate are sensitive. Following the overall warming in the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau, the responses of the changes of the wetland supplied by the glacial melt water to the temperature of the region are sensitive, especially in the case of the large magnitude of warming in the low- temperature region.

关 键 词：遥感(RS) 地理信息系统(GIS) 青藏高原 湿地变化 气候变化 空间响应 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]