广州市2013年生产性企业职业病危害状况分析  

An analysis of occupational hazard in manufacturing industry in Guangzhou, China, in 2013

作　　者：张海宏[1] 李勇勤[1] 周海林[1] 荣幸[1] 朱少芳[1] 何易楠 翟然[1] 刘移民[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州市职业病防治院,510620

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2015年第8期583-585,共3页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：广州市民生科技重大项目（2014Y2-00067）;广东省“十二五”医学重点专科、广州市医学重点学科建设项目,广州市职业环境与健康效应实验室建设项目（2014SY000020）;广州市科信局研究计划项目（2013Y4300005）.

摘　　要：目的通过分析广州市生产性企业职业卫生状况，为职业卫生监管提供数据支持。方法按行业分层随机抽取8个行业280家企业，进行职业卫生调查；依据职业卫生规范，对其中198家企业监督监测，选择劳动者接触时间最长、职业病危害因素浓度／强度最高的3—5个工作岗位进行采样检测，对不同行业的企业、岗位以及检测项目的危害因素超标率进行对比分析。结果42．93％（85／198）的企业、22．96％（200／871）的检测岗位职业病危害因素超标；船舶修造、木质家具行业中的噪声，以及船舶修造行业中的电焊烟尘是超标最严重的危害因素；不足30％的企业能够提供职业健康检查和工作场所中职业病危害因素定期检测报告；职业健康检查必检项目异常需复查的劳动者占6．63％（832／12549），主要集中在船舶修造、木质家具、化工等企业。结论应加强对该企业的职业卫生监管工作，有针对性地控制或减少噪声、粉尘等因素的危害；加强企业职业卫生相关数据信息公开工作，扩大社会监督。Objective To provide data for the occupational health supervision by analyzing the occupational health status in manufacturing industry in Guangzhou, China. Methods The occupational health investigation was performed in 280 enterprises randomly selected from 8 industries based on industry stratification. According to the occupational health standards, 198 out of the 280 enterprises were supervised and monitored. Sample testing was performed in 3-5 workplaees where workers were exposed to the highest concentration/intensity of occupational hazard for the longest time. Comparative analyses of the overproof rates of hazard were performed among enterprises, workplaces, and testing items from different industries. Results The concentrations of occupational hazard in 42.93% （85/198） of enterprises and 22.96% （200/871 ） of workplaces were above the limit concentration. The most severe hazards were the noises in shipbuilding and wooden furniture industries and the welding fumes in shipbuilding industry. Less than 30% of enterprises were able to provide occupational health examination and periodic test reports of occupational hazard in workplaces. The rate of the workers with abnormal occupational health examination results and the need for reexamination reached 6.63% （832/12 549）, and they were mostly from shipbuilding, wooden furniture, and chemical industries. Conclusion The occupational health supervision should be strengthened in enterprises, and hazard from noises and dusts should be selectively controlled or reduced. The publication of relevant data and information of occupational health in enterprises should be promoted to enhance social supervision.

关 键 词：职业卫生 职业危害 现场调查 监测 

分 类 号：R134[医药卫生—劳动卫生]