群落空间结构对豆禾混播草地种间竞争关系的影响  

Effects of Spatial Structure on the Relationship of Interspecific Competition in Legume-grass Mixtures Community

作　　者：于辉[1,2] 郑伟[1,2] 张鲜花[1,2] 唐高溶[1] 王祥[1] 朱进忠[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区草地资源与生态重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2015年第2期87-92,共6页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划重点项目(XJEDU2012I19);农业部公益性行业科研专项(201003023);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项-应对气候变化的碳收支认证及相关问题(XDA05050405);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD45B03);草业科学国家重点学科项目(XJCYB-2012-05);新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划项目(XJEDU2014S017)

摘　　要：以红豆草、红三叶、鸭茅、无芒雀麦和猫尾草5种豆科和禾本科牧草,在豆科牧草与禾本科牧草比例6∶4、5∶5和4∶6条件下,分别以2种和5种牧草混播,建立同行及1∶1行、2∶2行和3∶3行异行混播草地。依据2012-2013年各混播组合的株高、植株密度、相对密度、相对产量总和及竞争力,分析了异行混播与同行混播豆禾牧草种间竞争关系的变化。结果表明:与同行混播相比,1∶1行、2∶2行和3∶3行异行混播下,鸭茅、无芒雀麦、红豆草垂直方向上的竞争等级未发生改变,位置较低的红三叶竞争等级增加,抑制了发育较迟的猫尾草;从水平空间上看,异行混播下各混播种类密度和相对密度较同行混播增加,豆禾牧草水平空间上的竞争强度下降。与单播相比,同行混播和异行混播的资源利用效率均得到改善;与同行混播相比,异行混播改善了豆科牧草光资源获取环境,减缓了禾草侵占能力的优势,其竞争力增加;增加豆科牧草混播比例也有利于提高豆科牧草的竞争力。因此,从同行混播转为异行混播,可调整混播豆禾牧草的种间竞争强度,有利于豆禾牧草的共存。The six indexes including plant height,plant density,grass relative density,legume relative density,relative yield total and competitive ratios were selected which could reflect the legume and grass relationship of interspecific competition in 2012-2013.The mixed patterns included two legume-grass com-binations：5,2 species mixture at three sowing ratios of legume∶grass （6 ∶4,5 ∶5,4∶6）,mixed crop-ping and intercropping respectively.The mixed plants were Onobrychis viciaefolia ,Trifolium pratense , Dactylis glomerata ,Bromus inermis ,Phleum pratense .The results showed that the competitive ability of O .viciaefolia ,D .glomerata and B .inermis did not change from mixed cropping to intercropping.And the competitive ability of Ph .pretense was suppressed,the competitive ability of T .pretense was improved on vertical direction .From mixed cropping to intercropping ,the competitive intensities of legume and grass decreased,the coexistence probability of legume and grass increased on horizontal direction.As compared with intercropping,the use efficiency of resources from mixed cropping to intercropping were both im-proved;As compared with mixed cropping,intercropping improved legume-grass resource invironment and decreased predominance of grass invasion ability.Increasing the ratio of legame-grass mixtrues also im-proved the increasing competitive ability.Therefore,transfering from mixed cropping to intercropping can adjust the competitive interspecific intersity of mixed legume-grass and improved coexistence of grass and legume.

关 键 词：豆禾混播草地 同行混播 异行混播 种间竞争 混播优势 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]