中国“倒春寒”天气的发生及对树木春季生长影响  

Spring Frost Following Warm Spell and Its Effect on the Growth of the Trees in Spring

作　　者：王梓[1] 徐军亮[1] 魏红旭[2] 

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学林学院,河南洛阳471003 [2]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130102

出　　处：《北方园艺》2015年第16期195-201,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41401063)

摘　　要：近年来,随着气候变化而产生的"倒春寒"天气迹象日趋明显,然而中国尚未完全掌握其对农业生态系统的危害原理,尤其有关树木生长方面的信息反馈十分有限。资料显示:中国对"倒春寒"的关注始于1975年,但主要研究区主要集中于中国西南地区,因此目前尚缺乏全国尺度上的把握;研究内容方面国内侧重"倒春寒"的大气成因及其对农作物冻害的评估,有关树木受害的关注度明显不足,相反国外研究更加注重探讨"倒春寒"对森林生态系统的影响方面并且已经取得了一定的进展;在"倒春寒"对植物的冻害机制方面,中国研究更倾向于"持续低温"和"气温骤降"的影响,而国外则认为是在全球变暖作用下植物物候提前所致。通过国外有关树木的研究结论对中国全境尺度春季温度数据进行分析后,发现近年来"倒春寒"很有可能已经给中国树木的春季生长造成了严重影响,希望引起同行们对此问题的重视。The weather events of‘spring frost following warm spell＇（SFWS）,driven by climate change,has been more and more frequent up to date.However,the mechanism for effects of SFWS on forestry system has not been well detected,especially about information of tree-growth response.Materials in China revealed that the attention to SFWS was commenced at 1975,and most studies were found from southwest provinces,resulting in insufficient evidence at the national scale.For research objectives,results from Chinese studies were mainly obtained about the atmospheric cause and frost damage to crops,whilst frost damage to trees apparently obtained deserved attention.In contrast,international studies focused mainly on effects of SFWS on forest system.For the mechanism of frost-damage to plants exposed to SFWS,it was considered to be caused by continuous low temperature and sudden decline of temperature in spring according to Chinese studies,while it was concluded to be caused by phenology advance driven by global warming according to international points.Therefore,through analysis on conclusions from international studies on trees and temperature data of China at the national scale,it was shown that SFWS may have probably caused damages to trees in Chinese forests.It was hoped that results in the present study could summon more attention about SFWS effect on trees in China.

关 键 词：“倒春寒” 全球变化 气温波动 低温冻害 春季高温 

分 类 号：S761.3[农业科学—森林保护学]