不同抗旱措施对东试早柚光合生理特性及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Drought Resisting Measure on Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Pomelo

作　　者：原慧芳[1] 李平生 陈国华 高世德[1] 田耀华[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪666100 [2]云南省景洪市南联山农场,云南景洪666109 [3]云南省耿马县孟定热作服务中心,云南耿马677506

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2015年第8期1419-1425,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：云南省科研院所技术开发研究专项(No.2011CF017)

摘　　要：以东试早柚为试材,采用常规管理为对照,开展黑地膜、白地膜、杂草覆盖和添加保水剂措施的田间比较试验,研究不同抗旱措施对柚子物候期光合生理特性及其产量的影响。结果表明,柚子各物候期叶片的净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和气孔导度（Gs）均以黑地膜和白地膜处理最高,其次为草覆盖和保水剂处理,对照表现为最低。各抗旱措施柚子叶片的水分利用效率（WUE）均高于对照,从柚子现蕾期（1月）至壮果期（6月）以草覆盖和保水剂处理的WUE最高,而在柚子成熟期（7-9月）以黑地膜处理的WUE最高,对照的WUE表现最低。总的看来,不同抗旱措施均明显提高了全物候期柚子叶片的Pn及WUE;各抗旱措施处理以黑地膜处理的座果率和产量较对照均增加最为显著,较对照分别提高了91.7%和56.9%,白地膜和草覆盖的座果率及保水剂处理的产量居中,分别较对照提高了29%和47%、36.5%和31.9%,而对照的座果率与产量均最低。各抗旱措施效果从高到低依次为：黑地膜〉白地膜〉草覆盖〉保水剂〉对照。＂Citrus grandis＂ was selected as the study material to evaluate the effects of different drought-resistant measures on photosynthetic physiological characteristics and pomelo production during the key phenological phases.Four drought-resistant measures（ black plastic, white plastic, weeds and water retention agent） with a control treatment were carried out in field. Results revealed black and white plastic mulching had the highest Pn, Tr and Gs, followed by straw mulching and water retention agent, and that for the control was the lowest. For all the treatments, the leaf water use efficiency was higher than the control treatment. Form early budding（ January） to strong fruiting（June）, straw mulching and water retention agent treatments showed the highest WUE values, while in mature period（July to September） black plastic mulching had the highest WUE value, and that for the control was the lowest. In general, all the four different drought-resisting measures obviously increased Pn and WUE values of pomelo compared to the control during the whole phenophase. And among all the measures, black plastic mulching had the best effects by increasing 91.7% fruit set and 56.9% fruit yield, then were white plastic mulching, straw mulching and water retention agent by increasing 29% and 47%, 36.5% and 31.9% respectively,and the fruit set and yield under the control were the lowest. The effects of drought-resistant measures from high to low showed as： black plastic white plastic grass coverage water retention agent control treatment.

关 键 词：柚 抗旱措施 物候期 光合作用 产量 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]