中国环保产业投融资问题与机制创新  

Investment and Financing on China's Environmental Protection Industry: Problems and Solutions

作　　者：郭朝先[1] 刘艳红[2] 杨晓琰[1,2] 王宏霞[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院工业经济研究所,北京100836 [2]中国社会科学院研究生院,北京102488

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2015年第8期92-99,共8页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"中国对外贸易中的隐含资源环境要素流动问题研究"(编号:14BJY067);国家科技支撑计划课题"重点生态功能区生态补偿关键技术研究"(编号:2013BAC03B05)

摘　　要：当前日益严峻的环境问题迫切需要我国环保产业发挥更大作用,生态文明建设的提出为我国环保产业发展带来巨大的机遇,但资金投入不足成为制约环保产业发展的现实关键问题。尽管环保产业多元化、社会化投融资方式正逐步形成,但仍存在总量不足、结构不合理、渠道单一、效益低下、机制不活等问题,最为关键的是机制不活,其他问题是由机制不活产生的。一方面,我国对环境污染的治理存在巨大需求,需要大量的资金投入;另一方面,我国又存在大量的社会资金,需要寻找投资出路。因此,解决环保产业投融资问题的根本出路需要设计一个良好的机制,吸引社会资金的大量进入,并提高资金的使用效率。本文认为,创新我国环保产业投融资机制,目标是形成一个多元、绿色、市场化的投融资机制,从而为绿色投资提供足够的市场激励,为环保产业发展提供足够的资金支持。环保产业投融资机制创新是"推力"和"引力"两种力量作用下形成的,其中,"推力"包括社会推力和政府推力,"引力"包括政府引力和市场引力。创新环保产业投融资机制的核心是处理好政府和市场的关系,主要任务包括投融资模式创新和绿色金融创新两大方面。文章最后提出了对策建议,包括转变政府职能,营造促进环保产业发展的政策环境;加大政府环保投入力度,提高政府投入资金引导能力;大力发展环保市场,推行环境污染第三方治理;大力推行PPP投融资模式,提高模式适配性;不断推进绿色金融创新,丰富环保产业投融资工具。The increasing severe environmental problems facing China nowadays calls for a bigger role to play by the environmental protection industry. The state strategy to promoting ecological progress provides a great chance for the blossoming of environmental protection industry. Lack of investment, however, constitutes the key barrier for its development. Although a diversified environmental protection industry and a socialized investment and financing structure emerge, problems such as insufficiency of investment funds, unbalanced structure, too narrow channels, low efficiency, and rigidity of mechanisms exist, and the rigid mechanisms are the root of all other problems. On the one hand, the country faces mountainous tasks of pollution abatement, which requires huge investments; on the other hand, a great amount of social funds are looking for chances to invest and make profits. The key lies in a well-designed mechanism which can attract those social capitals with the efficient usage. This paper argues that the innovation aiming at a diversified, green and market-oriented investment and financing mechanism is necessary in order to provide market stimulus for green investment and sufficient funds for the development of environmental protection industry. This innovation is most possible to succeed under the joint of a driving and pulling force. The driving force comes from the society and the government, while the pulling force comes from the government and market. The key is to well manage the relationship of government and market, and the main tasks cover the innovation on investment and financing modes and on green finance as well. The paper puts forward some policy suggestions, including creating a policy environment conducive to the environmental protection development, increasing government investment and its piloting capacity, promoting the role of market in pollution abatement, expanding the application of PPP modes and diversifing the investment and financing instruments.

关 键 词：环保产业 投融资 机制创新 第三方治理 绿色金融 

分 类 号：F062.9[经济管理—政治经济学]