不同土壤质地对小麦生长发育及其生理特性的影响  

Effects of Different Soil Textures on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Wheat

作　　者：韩宗梁 张黛静[1] 邵云[1] 王文斐[1] 郝真真[1] 陈静雯[1] 王敬婼 

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学生命科学学院,河南新乡453007 [2]新乡职业技术学院材料工程系,河南新乡453000

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2015年第8期23-26,41,共5页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B15;2012BAD14B08)

摘　　要：为了阐明不同土壤质地对小麦生长发育及生理特性的影响,以小麦百农矮抗58为供试品种,研究了在壤土、砂土、黏土3种不同质地土壤上小麦不同生育时期的群体数量、株高、根长、分生根数、分蘖数、叶绿素含量、植株含水率等形态及生理指标的动态变化。结果显示,在小麦苗期,壤土上群体数最高,砂土次之,黏土较低;株高黏土中最高、根长壤土中最长,两者均是砂土最低;植株含水率则是壤土和黏土近似,均略高于砂土。在越冬期,壤土上小麦的群体数最高,黏土最低;而株高是黏土和壤土较高,砂土次之;分生根数砂土多于黏土和壤土,植株含水率砂土和壤土近似,高于黏土。在起身期,3种土壤质地上群体数都达到最大值;对于株高和分蘖数来说,黏土高于砂土,砂土略高于壤土;分生根数壤土最高,多于砂土和黏土;叶绿素含量黏土最高,砂土最低;植株含水率为黏土大于壤土和砂土。在灌浆期,群体数为壤土略低于黏土,砂土最低;株高则是壤土和砂土相近,黏土最低;而根长和分生根数是黏土最高,砂土次之,壤土最低;分蘖数黏土远高于壤土和砂土;叶绿素含量和植株含水率都是壤土最高,黏土略高于砂土。在成熟期,群体数壤土和黏土接近,砂土最低。在产量方面,3种质地土壤上小麦理论产量从高到低依次为:黏土>壤土>砂土,其中,壤土和砂土上小麦产量分别为黏土的87.85%、62.30%;具体分析其产量构成因素,小麦穗粒数和千粒质量均为黏土最高,成穗数则为壤土最高,差异均达显著水平。To select suitable soil texture for wheat production, several morphological and physiological indexes of Bainong AK58 in three kinds of soil textures（ loamy,sandy soil and clay） at different growing stages were studied,including population size,plant height,root length,number of root,number of tillers, chlorophyll content and water content of plant. The results showed that, at the seedling stage, the population size in loamy soil was the biggest,sandy soil came second,and clay soil was the smallest;plant height and root length in loamy soil were the highest, but which in sandy soil were the lowest;water content of plant was similar in loamy soil and clay soil,but sandy soil was lower slightly. In the overwinter＆amp;nbsp;period,for the population size of three kinds of soil textures,loamy soil was the biggest,and clay soil was the smallest;but plant height in clay soil was the highest,loamy soil and sandy soil were lower;both root number and water content in three soil textures were similar. In the rising stage, the population size of three kinds of soil texture reached the maximum value,without too large difference;for plant height and tiller number, clay soil was the highest, and sandy soil was slightly higher than loamy soil;but root number,chlorophyll content and water content had no significant difference among the three soil textures. In the filling stage,the population size in loamy soil was slightly lower than that in clay soil,and sandy soil was far lower than the others;plant height in loamy soil was similar to sandy soil,and clay soil was the lowest;but the root length and root number were the highest in clay soil,followed by sandy soil,loamy soil were the lowest;tiller number in clay soil was much higher than that in loamy soil and sandy soil;the content of chlorophyll and water content of plant in loamy soil were the highest, clay soil was slightly higher than the sandy soil. In the mature stage, the population size in loamy soil and clay soil were similar,and the lowest was in sandy soil. For y

关 键 词：小麦 土壤质地 生长 生理 

分 类 号：S685[农业科学—观赏园艺]