种植行距对春玉米生育后期田间环境及光合速率的影响  

Effect of Different Row Spacing on Condition of Field and Photosynthetic Rate at Late Stages of Spring Maize

作　　者：李文莹[1] 陆至远 梁曦彤 王宏斌[1] 高亚男[1] 王洪预[1] 陈勇[1] 吕小飞[1] 李秋祝[1] 崔金虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学植物科学学院,长春130062

出　　处：《吉林农业科学》2015年第4期26-29,共4页Journal of　Jilin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金："十二五"农村领域国家科技计划(2012BAD04B02-3和2011BAD16B10-3);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20130305032NY)

摘　　要：为明确东北春玉米区不同行距种植对光合作用影响的机制,选用先玉335和军单8两个玉米品种为材料开展了田间试验。随机区组设计,设置4种种植行距,分别为70 cm、65 cm、60 cm和50 cm。重点研究不同种植行距玉米群体,田间冠层不同层次,上层(距地面2.15 m)、中层(距地面1.2 m)和下层(距地面0.25 m)空间的二氧化碳浓度、光照强度和功能叶片净光合速率的差异。结果表明:70 cm行距下田间各层二氧化碳浓度平均为403 mg/L,显著高于65 cm、60 cm和50 cm行距处理(分别为348 mg/L、329 mg/L和341 mg/L),说明大行距小株距种植利于通风;50 cm行距下田间各层光照强度平均为16 092 lx,显著高于60 cm、65 cm和70 cm行距处理(分别为14 981 lx、10 893 lx和10 095 lx),说明小行距大株距种植利于透光。蜡熟期,60 cm和65 cm行距下,净光合速率平均为8.40μmol CO2·m-2·s-1和8.76μmol CO2·m-2·s-1,而50 cm和70 cm行距下分别为10.57μmol CO2·m-2·s-1和11.14μmol CO2·m-2·s-1,受通风透光状况影响,春玉米在70 cm和50 cm行距下于生育后期保持了较高的光合速率。In order to make clear mechanism of photosynthesis of spring maize in northeast of China cultivated with different row spacing, two varieties, Xianyu 335 and Jundan 8 were used as material in the field experiment.Randomized block design was adopted and four row spacing set, i.e., 70 cm, 65 cm, 60 cm and 50 cm. It focused on the effect of community with different row spacing, mainly on concentration of carbon dioxide, light intensity and the rate of net photosynthetic for functional leaves at different levels of canopy, i.e., field upper layer（2.15 m above theground）, middle（1.2 m above the ground） and lower（0.25 m above the ground）. The results showed that average con-centration of carbon dioxide in 70 cm row spacing treatment was 403 mg/L, which was significantly higher than that of 65 cm, 60 cm and 50 cm row spacing（348 mg/L, 329 mg/L and 341 mg/L, respectively）.This indicated that plant-ing model with wide row spacing and narrow in-row spacing was favor of ventilation. Average light intensity in 50 cm row spacing was 16 092 lx, which was significantly higher than that in 60 cm, 65 cm and 70 cm row spacing（14981 lx, 10 893 lx and 10 095 lx, respectively）. This indicated that planting model with wide in-row spacing and nar-row row spacing was beneficial light transmitting. The average net photosynthetic rate of two species at the stage ofwax stage was 8.40 μmol CO2·m^-2·s^-1and 8.76 μmol CO2·m^-2·s^-1in 60 cm and 65 cm row spacing, 10.57 μmol CO2·m^-2·s^-1and 11.14 μmol CO2·m^-2·s^-1in 50 cm and 70 cm row spacing. This indicated that affected by air and lightconditions, the net photosynthetic rate of spring maize maintained a higher level in 70 cm and 50 cm row spacing in late growth stage.

关 键 词：玉米 行距 光照强度 二氧化碳浓度 光合速率 

分 类 号：S513.05[农业科学—作物学]