1,2-二氯乙烷对SD大鼠亚急性吸入毒性研究  

Subacute inhalation toxicity of 1,2-dichloroethane in SD rats

作　　者：殷霄[1] 贾肖辉 程浩[3] 徐丹丹[2] 范启明[2] 戎伟丰[1] 郑杰蔚 黄曼琪 陈铿铿[1] 曾丽海[1] 陆丰荣[1] 赖关朝[1] 黄振烈[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省职业病防治院、广东省职业病防治重点实验室,广东广州510300 [2]中山大学公共卫生学院,510080 [3]山西医科大学公共卫生学院,山西太原030001

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2015年第4期378-384,391,共8页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(81202245);广东省职业病防治重点实验室(2012A061400007);广东省自然科学基金(S2013010011816);广东省化学中毒与核辐射突发事件医学救援应急技术研究中心(2012A032100002);广东省医学科学技术研究基金(B2014017,A2012068)

摘　　要：目的确定1,2-二氯乙烷（1,2-DCE）亚急性吸入的毒性作用和靶器官。方法无特定病原体级健康成年SD大鼠64只,雌雄各半,随机分为对照组、低剂量组和高剂量组。采用口鼻式动式吸入染毒法,低和高剂量组予质量浓度为600和1 800 mg/m3的1,2-DCE染毒8 h/d,连续7 d;对照组吸入新鲜空气。染毒期间称量大鼠体质量,观察其活动状况。实验结束后,检测大鼠血常规和血清血生化指标;解剖、分离主要脏器计算脏器系数,并进行组织病理学检查。结果染毒后第4~7天,高剂量组雌性和雄性大鼠体质量均分别低于同性别对照组（P〈0.05）,并从染毒后第3天开始出现不同程度的体质量负增长（P〈0.05）。雌性高剂量组大鼠血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、γ-谷氨酰基转移酶、乳酸脱氢酶的活力和甘油三酯、尿素氮、肌酐的水平均高于雌性对照组（P〈0.05）。高剂量组大鼠脑、肝脏、肺脏的脏器系数均分别高于对照组（P〈0.05）;与雌性对照组比较,雌性高剂量组大鼠心脏、肾脏和肾上腺的脏器系数均升高（P〈0.05）,脾脏脏器系数下降（P〈0.05）;雄性高剂量组大鼠肾脏和肾上腺的脏器系数均高于雄性对照组（P〈0.05）。肉眼可见大鼠脑、肝脏和肾脏大体形态学改变。组织病理学检查结果显示,高剂量组部分大鼠出现大脑皮质和血管周围空泡化,小脑颗粒细胞坏死等脑水肿病变;部分大鼠肝脏可见肝细胞水肿;部分大鼠肾脏可见肾小管蛋白沉积、肾小管上皮细胞水肿、肾小管扩张等病理改变,并可见肾小管上皮细胞异型性。各组大鼠血常规指标未出现有生物学意义的改变;低剂量组大鼠血清血生化指标基本未出现有生物学意义的改变。结论 1,2-DCE亚急性吸入可引起大鼠脑水肿、肝脏和肾脏损害;大脑、小脑、肝脏和肾脏是1,2-DCE亚急性吸入毒性作用的靶器官;1,2-DCE毒作用存在性别差异。Objective To identify the subacute inhalation toxicity and the target organs of 1,2-dichloroethane （1,2- DCE）. Methods Sixty-four specific pathogen free heahh adult SD rats were randomly divided into control, low-dose, and high-dose groups with half male and half female. The treatment groups were exposed to 1,2-DCE （ low-dose ： 600 mg/m3 ; high-dose： 1 800 mg/m3） and the control group was exposed to fresh air by dynamic inhalation for 8 hours per day for consecutive 7 days. Clinical observations and body weights of rats in each group were recorded during exposure. After exposure, the rats were executed, the routine blood indexes and serum biochemistry were examined, and main organs were dissected and weighed to calculate the organ coefficients. And the histopathologic changes were observed. Results After 4 to 7 days of the exposure, the body weights of both male and female rats in the high-dose group were lower than those in control group of the same sex （P 〈 0.05 ）, and different degrees of negative growth were also observed from the 3rd day of the treatment （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The levels of aspartic transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, lactic dehydrogenase, triglyceride, urea nitrogen, and creatinine in sera of female rats of high-dose group were higher than those of the female rats of control group （P 〈0.05 for all）. Compared with the control group, the increases in organ coefficients of brain, liver and lung were detected in the high-dose group （ P 〈 0.05）. Compared with the female control group, the increase in organ coefficients of the heart, kidney, and adrenal, and the decrease in organ coefficient of the spleen were all detected in female rats of high-dose group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The organ coefficients of the kidney and adrenal in male rats of high-dose group were higher than those of the male control group （P 〈 0.05 ）. The rough morphological changes of brain, liver, and kidney were megascopic. Histopathological examination showed that some rats in high-dose g

关 键 词：1 2-二氯乙烷 亚急性吸入 脏器系数 靶器官 脑 肝脏 肾脏 

分 类 号：R114[医药卫生—卫生毒理学] R135.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]