低浓度HIV窗口期标本的检测——附1例报告  

Low titer HIV infection during window period: case report

作　　者：查祎[1] 姚凤兰[1] 王瑞[1] 葛红卫[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市红十字血液中心,北京100088

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2015年第7期789-791,共3页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

摘　　要：目的利用血清学和分子生物学方法,确认1例低浓度HIV RNA窗口期献血者的感染状态。方法使用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、免疫印记试验(WB),以及定性、定量核酸检测(NAT)方法,对低浓度HIV RNA窗口期献血者不同时期的血液标本进行检测。在定量NAT检测无法检出的情况下,采用probit分析方法,估算该献血者初次献血时血液中病毒载量。结果献血者首次献血标本检测结果为血清学ELISA检测阴性,核酸定性试验为反应性,随后进行的核酸定量试验和血清学抗体确认试验,二者结果均为阴性。对随访后的标本进行的血清学和核酸检测的结果均为阳性,确认为血清学转阳。采用probit分析方法估算出该献血者初次献血时血液中HIV病毒载量约为9.3 IU/m L。结论该献血者是1例病毒载量极低的HIV窗口期献血者。对于低浓度的HIV窗口期标本,不同核酸检测模式的检测能力有所不同。Objective To identify the clinical status of a blood donor with seronegative and nucleic acid test-positive results.Methods The donor samples collected in the index donation and the follow-up study were screened by routine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ ELISA）,RIBA and qualitative nucleic acid test（ NAT）. The probit analysis was used to estimate the HIV viral load in the index sample,when the HIV viral load was not detectable in the quantitative NAT assay. Results The ELISA result for the index sample was negative,the qualitative NAT test result was positive,but the WB and quantitative NAT test results were both negative for the index sample. As for the follow-up study,the ELISA and qualitative NAT result for the sample were both positive. It was confirmed that serological conversion happened during the index donation and the follow-up study. The HIV viral load was estimated as 9. 3IU / ml in the donor sample in the index donation by probit analysis. Conclusion The donor was in the early window period HIV infection phase with very low HIV level in the donation. Different NAT screening strategy had different detectability.

关 键 词：HIV 窗口期 低浓度 核酸检测 

分 类 号：R446.62[医药卫生—诊断学]