越冬期绵羊放牧对冬小麦生长及产量的影响  

Effects of sheep wintering grazing on growth and yield of winter wheat

作　　者：李飞 张秀珍 高宪儒 

机构地区：[1]庆阳市畜牧技术推广中心,甘肃庆阳745000

出　　处：《草业科学》2015年第8期1317-1322,共6页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项课题--庆阳黄土高原生态治理和水资源高效利用的技术体系研究与示范(20120304205);庆阳市畜牧技术推广中心自列项目--冬小麦放牧试验研究(20121120)

摘　　要：对黄土高原区冬小麦（Triticum aestivum）‘陇育220’进行越冬期绵羊放牧,跟踪观测返青后放牧与未放牧小麦土壤水分、分蘖数、生长期株高和鲜重及收获期籽实产量等,探讨越冬放牧对小麦生长及产量的影响。结果表明,1）冬小麦‘陇育220’越冬前青饲草鲜产量4.68 t·hm^-2,干草产量为1.35 t·hm^-2。2）越冬放牧过的小麦,返青时耕作层土壤水分含量提高1.13%;拔节时平均分蘖数5.5个·株^-1,比未放牧（4.6个·株^-1）提高19.6%。3）随着生育期的推进,越冬放牧过的小麦株高极显著降低3.5~5.3 cm（P〈0.01）,相应的株鲜重也有所减少,但未有显著变化（P〉0.05）。4）放牧后小麦成熟期平均株高76.5 cm,比未放牧（82.1 cm）显著（P〈0.05）降低5.6 cm,穗数减少24.3个·m^-2,但籽实产量仅减少2.5%,未对小麦生产构成显著影响。研究表明,越冬放牧在黄土高原冬小麦农区切实可行。In order to evaluate the effect of sheep wintering grazing on growth and yield of winter wheat（ Triticum aestivum）,the soil water,tiller number,plant height,forage yield and seed yield of winter grazed wheat and nongrazed wheat as control were observed in a rain-fed region of the Loess Plateau. The results showed that the green forage yield and dry weight of winter wheat in wintering were 4. 68 and 1. 35 t·m- 2,respectively. After winter grazed,soil water in 10- 20 cm soil layer increased by 1. 13% at returning green stage and the tillers of winter grazed wheat was 5. 5 per plant at standing stage which significantly increased by 19. 6% compared to non-grazed winter wheat（ 4. 6 per plant）. The height of winter grazed wheat significantly reduced by 3. 5- 5. 3 cm（ P〈0.01） and the fresh weight per pant corresponding decreased at the growth stage although without significance. Compared to non-grazed winter wheat,the height of winter grazed wheat was 76. 5 cm which significantly reduced by 5.6 cm（ P〈0. 05）,spikes of winter grazed wheat reduced 24. 3 spikes·m- 2and seed yield of winter wheat grazed only reduced 2. 5% which did not affect the winter wheat production. In conclusion,the utilization of winter wheat by sheep grazing in wintering was reasonable and practicable in the Loess Plateau agricultural region

关 键 词：放牧 冬小麦 生长 产量 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学] S826