2013年“苏力”与“潭美”相似路径台风大暴雨落区差异分析  

AN ANALYSIS ON DIFFERENT HEAVY RAIN AREAS WITH TWO TYPHOONS TRAMI AND SOULIK WITH SIMILAR TRACKS DURING 2013

作　　者：林小红[1] 刘爱鸣[1] 刘通易[1] 韩美[1] 吴巍 吴幸毓[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省气象台,福建福州350001 [2]福建省气象科技服务中心,福建福州350001

出　　处：《热带气象学报》2015年第4期517-525,共9页Journal of Tropical Meteorology

基　　金：国家预报员专项项目(CMAYBY2014-032);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41375056)共同资助

摘　　要：以2013年两个路径相似但大暴雨分布有较大差别的台风"苏力"和"潭美"为研究对象,从台风结构及其动力、水汽等方面讨论了它们的降水条件差异,结果表明:台风登陆过程中,"苏力"结构发生南倾是造成台风南侧大暴雨产生的主要原因;副高南侧弱东风气流导致"苏力"北侧水汽辐合上升运动较弱,水汽辐合呈现南强北弱的分布;流场垂直运动南强北弱的不均分布是台风环流南侧大暴雨产生的有利动力条件;台风受南亚高压的东南侧东北气流影响,二者的相对位置,有可能影响到台风辐合区随高度向南倾斜和高层辐散场南强北弱的分布,从而对台风暴雨南强北弱的分布产生重要影响;中层弱冷空气侵入台风环流西南侧,对台风南侧暴雨增幅起重要作用。台风"潭美"结构对称,低空西南与东风两支急流将充沛水汽汇合于台风环流北侧,副高南侧东风急流的增强和闽东北地形抬升对台风北侧暴雨的增幅作用十分显著。台风位于南亚高压东环的西南侧,受偏东气流的分流辐散影响,"潭美"辐合中心随高度北倾和中层弱冷空气侵入台风环流北侧,也是促进台风北侧暴雨增强的原因。Based on Trami and Soulik which had similar tracks and different heavy rain areas in 2013, some different factors of precipitation conditions were diagnosed from structure, dynamics and moisture condition. The result is shown as follows. In the landing process of typhoon Soulik, its structure inclined southward, which was mainly responsible for the heavy rain south of the Sulik circulation. Weak east wind in the south of the subtropical high inhibited the ascending motion of moisture convergence north of Soulik, which caused the distribution of moisture convergence stronger in the south than in the north. The uneven distribution of vertical flows was also a dynamic condition leading to the heavy storm in the south of Soulik. The typhoon was affected by a northeast airflow in the southeast of the South Asian High, and their relative positions were likely to cause the typhoon convergence center to tilt to the south with height and a stronger high-level divergence field in the south than in the north, which had an important influence on the distribution of typhoon rainstorm. Mid-level weak cold air invading the southwest of typhoon circulation was a trigger. Two low-level jets from the southwest and east converged in the north of Trami with symmetrical structure, and the easterly jet in the south of the subtropical high strengthened and terrain lifting in the northeast Fujian had some significant effect on the increase of heavy rain in the north of Trami. In the southwest of South Asian High, Trami was influenced by the divergence of an east split airflow. The northward tilting of the typhoon convergence center with height and the mid-level weak cold air invading the north of typhoon circulation also promoted heavy rain enhancement in the north of Trami.

关 键 词：相似路径台风 大暴雨落区 差异 台风结构 东风急流 南亚高压 

分 类 号：P444[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]