不同玉米大豆间作处理根系互作对根际微生物数量的影响  

Effects of Roots Interaction on the Growth of Rhizosphere Microorganisms in Maize and Soybean Intercropping

作　　者：董晓钢 汤利[1] 郑毅[1,2] 邓佳琪[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201 [2]西南林业大学环境科学与工程学院,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第4期624-628,共5页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31260504;31460551;41361065;31210103906);国家"973"计划资助项目(2011CB100405);农业部公益性行业科研专项课题资助项目(201103003)

摘　　要：间作能提高土地利用率、提高作物产量和生物量,是被世界广泛采用的种植制度。根系相互作用会影响根际的物质和能量交换,从而影响根际微生物的生长。通过盆栽试验,采用塑料膜分隔、尼龙网分隔和不分隔玉米大豆根系的方式研究了玉米大豆间作对根际微生物数量的影响。结果表明:(1)不分隔处理对玉米地上部生物量和籽粒产量的影响均显著高于塑料分隔处理,分别高出15.04%和124.21%,根系分隔对大豆的地上部生物量和籽粒产量的影响在各处理间均没有显著差异。(2)对根际细菌数量的影响表现为:在玉米抽穗期以及大豆开花期、结荚期和成熟期,不分隔处理分别显著(P<0.05)高于塑料膜分隔处理20.83%,4.98%,14.14%和19.92%。(3)对根际真菌数量的影响表现为:在玉米抽穗期和大豆结荚期,不分隔处理分别显著高于塑料膜分隔处理24.08%和12.62%。(4)对根际放线菌数量的影响表现为:在玉米抽穗期和乳熟期,不分隔处理显著高于塑料膜分隔处理19.07%和30.93%;在大豆开花期,不分隔处理显著高于塑料膜分隔处理14.92%。可见,玉米大豆间作具有间作优势,根系互作增加了根际细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量。Intercropping can enhance the land utilization rate, increase crop yield and biomass, is widely used in the world of cropping system. Roots interaction affects the rhizosphere of matter and en- ergy exchange and the growth of rhizosphere microorganisms. Pot experiment with root separation [ pol- ythene film barrier （ PB）, mesh barrier （ MB ） and no barrier （ NB ） ] was carried out to study the effect of roots interaction on the amount of rhizosphere microorganisms in maize and soybean intercrop- ping. The main results obtained were as follows ： （ 1 ） In comparison with PB, NB significantly （P 〈 0. 05 ） increased above-ground biomass and grain yields of maize by 15.04% and 124.21% in maize, but there was no significantly difference in soybean. （2） In comparison with PB, NB significantly in- creased the amount of rhizosphere bacteria of maize by 20. 83% in heading stage and significantly increased those of soybean by 4.98%, 14. 14% and 19.92% in flowering stage, podding stage and ma- ture period. （3） NB significantly increased the amount of rhizosphere fungi of maize by 24.08% in heading stage and those of soybean by 12.62% in podding stage. （4） NB significantly increased the amount of rhizosphere actinomycetes of maize by 19.07% and 30.93% in heading stage and milk ripe stage and those of soybean by 14. 92% in flowering stage. Therefore, maize intercropping with soybean had advantages and root interaction enhanced the numbers of rhizosphere microorganisms in maize and soybean intercropping.

关 键 词：根系分隔 间作 玉米 大豆 根际微生物 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]