气管切开术  

Tracheostomy

作　　者：陈犹白 张海钟[2] 

机构地区：[1]解放军医学院,北京100853 [2]解放军总医院口腔颌面外科

出　　处：《临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志》2015年第17期1581-1586,共6页Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head And Neck Surgery

基　　金：首都医学发展科研基金(No:2009-3050);全军"十二五"课题面上项目(No:CWS11J095)

摘　　要：气管切开术是指在气管前壁造口,以建立人工气道的手术。英语中气管切开术有tracheotomy与tracheostomy 2种表述,分别由tracheo-(气管)和-tome(切割)或-stoma(开口)组成。De Leyn等〔1〕从语源学上进行了分析,认为前者是指暂时造口,后者为永久性。本文中统一使用tracheostomy一词。Summary Tracheostomy is to establish an artificial airway by making an opening at anterior tracheal wall. Due to the blossom of mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit after 1950s, tracheostomy is the most favora- ble surgical method to access airway at present. In addition to traditional surgical tracheostomy, percutaneous dila- tional tracheostomy have gained increasing popularity and become an alternative procedure because of its merits such as easier manipulation, shorter operative duration and less complications. This review summarized tracheos- tomy from definition, history and current status, anatomy and physiology, indications, contraindications, complications and management. We also elaborate our understanding of current eontraercy and give some tions based on our clinical experience. sugges

关 键 词：气管切开术 经皮扩张气管切开术 适应证 禁忌证 并发症 

分 类 号：R768.1[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]