全膜覆土穴播对冬小麦旗叶光合和抗氧化酶活性的影响  

Effects of Whole Plastic-film Mulching Combined with Soil Overlying on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Flag Leaves in Winter Wheat

作　　者：温健[1] 郭振斌[1] 郭天玲[1] 王国宇 赵刚[3] 刘广才 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省永登县农业技术推广中心,甘肃永登730300 [2]甘肃省兰州市农业科技研究推广中心,兰州730070 [3]甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,兰州730070 [4]甘肃省农业技术推广总站,兰州730000

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2015年第8期31-36,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金："旱地全膜覆土穴播免耕多茬种植技术研究与示范"项目(甘农科技[2007]05号);"旱地小麦全膜覆土穴播免耕多茬种植集成技术研究与示范推广"项目(2011GB2G100005;1105NCNA096)

摘　　要：采用田间试验的方法,以全膜不覆土穴播种植方式为对照,比较研究全膜覆土穴播对旱地冬小麦旗叶光合、抗氧化酶活性和膜脂过氧化水平的影响。结果表明,全膜覆土穴播处理提高了冬小麦灌浆中后期（花后20~35d）旗叶净光合速率（Pn）和叶绿素SPAD值,Pn高值持续期（PAD）和叶绿素SPAD值缓降期（RSP）比对照分别增加6.5d和5.8d。全膜覆土穴播也提高了灌浆初期（花后0~15d）旗叶蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）活性,与对照相比提前5d达到峰值,且在灌浆中期（花后10~20d）依然能保持相对较高的蔗糖供应能力。全膜覆土穴播在灌浆中后期（10~35d）超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性表现较强的诱导性,过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性也比对照提前5d达到峰值,而过氧化物酶（POD）活性始终低于对照。2种处理丙二醛（MDA）质量摩尔浓度在开花15d后急剧升高,但全膜覆土穴播处理的质量分数和变化幅度均低于对照。可见,全膜覆土穴播栽培的旱地冬小麦在灌浆期保持了较高的光合产物供应速率、较长的供应持续期、较低的活性氧产生速率和膜脂过氧化水平,因而后期产量和品质高于传统地膜栽培。Comparative study on photosynthate supplying capability and antioxidant enzymes activities in winter wheat flag leaves was performed under the whole plastic-film mulching combined with soil overlying and whole film without overburden bunch.The results showed that dynamic changes of net photosynthetic rate（Pn）and SPAD contents of flag leaves were significantly increased during the middle and late grain filling period（20-35 days after anthesis）under the whole plastic-film mulching combined with soil overlying.Moreover,the extended steady phase of chlorophyll content（RSP）and the increased photosynthetic active duration（PAD）in flag leafves might reduce the aging of flag leaf,which could significantly increase in 6.5days and 5.8days.Compared with the control,both sucrosephosphate synthetase（SPS）activity and sucrose supplying capability of flag leaves in winter wheat were significantly increased during the early grain filling period（0-15 days after anthesis）and middle grain filling period（10-20 days after anthesis）.The changes of SOD（Superoxide dismutase）activities suggested fluctuant trend.Compared with whole plastic-film mulching combined with soil overlying,the SOD and CAT activities were higher than that of whole film without overburden bunch during the early grain filling period（10-35d）,but the POD activities were much lower than that of whole film withoutt overburden bunch during the whole grain filling period.The MDA（Malondialdehyde）molality were in the trend of increase after anthesis（15-35d）.Therefore,the treatment can maintain a relatively higher photosynthate supplying rate,longer photosynthate supplying duration,lower reactive oxygen producing rate and lower lipid peroxidation level,which could be a key reason for a high quality and yield.

关 键 词：全膜覆土穴播 冬小麦 光合作用 抗氧化酶 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]