不同覆盖方式对苹果树体生长及土壤理化特性的影响  

Effects of Different Mulching Patterns on Growth of Apple Trees and Soil Physicochemical Properties

作　　者：董海强[1,2] 李丙智[1] 王金锋[1] 王俊峰[1] 刘富庭[1] 李雪薇[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]平凉市果业开发办公室,甘肃平凉744000

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2015年第8期101-109,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家苹果产业技术体系(CARS-28);陕西省重点农业研发(ZDKJ-2014-28);陕西省科技重大攻关项目(2011KTZB02-02-05)

摘　　要：以2a生‘红富士’苹果园为研究对象,设置白色地膜覆盖、黑色地膜覆盖、地布覆盖、麦草覆盖和清耕5个处理,研究不同覆盖方式对苹果树体生长及土壤理化特性的影响。结果表明：覆盖调节温度的变化主要在浅层土壤,随土层深度增加调节作用减小;不同材料覆盖间存在差异,白色地膜覆盖土温变幅最大,黑膜和地布覆盖次之,麦草覆盖变幅最小;以地布覆盖对土壤温度的影响效果最佳,四季温度分别达到23.72℃、29.73℃、14.49℃和2.01℃,具有春季和秋季增温、夏季降温、冬季保温的优点。不同覆盖处理对土壤水分均有不同程度的提高作用,以地布覆盖最高,比清耕高出2.14%;覆盖处理对0~80cm各土层含水量都有很好的保墒作用。不同覆盖处理能不同程度增加果园土壤呼吸作用强度,其中以黑色地膜和地布效果最好;地温越高,土壤呼吸作用强度越高。不同覆盖处理对幼树生长和果树的光合作用均有良好的促进作用。综合考虑,地布是适合千阳地区的最佳覆盖材料。Taking 6-year-old Red Fuji apple tree orchard as experiment object,Five treatments such as white film mulching,black film mulching,ground cover mulching,ryegrass mulching and cleaning tillage were set up for studying effects of different mulching patterns on growth of apple tree and the soil physicochemical properties.The results showed that the effects of different mulchings on soil temperature is mainly in upper layer and the regulatory function decreases with the increase of soil depth,the soil temperature changes with different mulchings materials,temperature changes are greast by using white film mulching,mulchings of black film and ground cover follow,ryegrass mulching is least.The effect of ground cover on soil temperature is the greatest.The temperature of four seasons of a year reaches 23.72℃,29.73℃,14.49℃,2.01℃respectively,which has the advantages in increasing temperature in spring and autumn,deceasing temperature in summer and keeping temperature in winter.Different mulching treatments increase soil moisture to different extent,andthe ground cover can keep highest percentage of average moisture,which is higher than cleaning tillage by 2.14%;the mulching treatments have good effects on percentage of average moisture content of soil layer from 0to 80 cm.Different mulching treatments can increase respiration intensity in soil,and the effects of black cover mulching and ground cloth are the best;the higher the soil temperature is,the more intense the soil respiration is.The different mulching treatments can promote the growth of apple trees and the photosynthesis of apple trees.Take it into overall consideration;the ground cover is the best mulching material for Qianyang area.

关 键 词：覆盖 苹果 树体生长 土壤理化特性 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]