不同配方复合基质对设施番茄栽培生长、品质及产量的影响  

Effect of Different Complex Substrates on Growth,Quality and Yield of Tomatoes Cultured in Greenhouse

作　　者：王博[1] 王树鹏[1] 胡云飞[1] 薛娟[1] 杨兵丽 冯致[1] 郁继华[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学园艺学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2015年第8期131-138,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：农业部公益性行业(农业)专项(201203001);现代农业产业技术体系专项资金资助项目(CARS-25-C-07)

摘　　要：以‘欧帝’番茄为试材,采用槽式栽培方法,以腐熟菇渣、牛粪、羊粪、小麦秸秆、棉花秸秆、玉米秸秆、草炭、蛭石、河沙为原料,制成8种不同配方基质,以配方A(酒泉传统配方基质)和配方I(商品基质)为对照,通过测定基质的理化性质、番茄植株生长状况以及果实品质和产量,研究筛选出适宜非耕地日光温室设施番茄栽培的基质配方。结果表明:基质配方J[V(牛粪)∶V(玉米杆)∶V(菇渣)∶V(草炭)∶V(蛭石)∶V(河沙)=2.5∶2∶1∶1∶1∶2.5]和配方C[V(羊粪)∶V(麦秆)∶V(棉花杆)∶V(菇渣)∶V(河沙)=2∶2∶2∶1.5∶2.5]的理化性质良好,符合番茄生长需求;其株高、茎粗均显著高于配方A;配方J、C能够较好地改善番茄品质,其可溶性蛋白质、维生素C质量分数均较高,显著高于配方A,配方C的糖酸比最高(5.06),显著高于其他配方处理;配方J、C番茄产量分别为9 317.894kg/667m2、8 546.987kg/667m2,较配方A高86.4%、71.0%。综合以上指标,J、C配方番茄植株长势好,果实品质佳,产量高,且均以作物秸秆和畜禽粪便为主要原料,较商品基质取材方便,成本低,适宜在酒泉地区非耕地番茄基质栽培中推广应用。In this test,tomato cv.Oudi was cultivated in grooves loaded eight complex substrates with peat,vermiculite,river sand and mushroom residue,cow dung,sheep dung,wheat straw,cotton stalks,corn stalks in different substrates.Substrate A（Jiuquan traditional substrate formula）and substrate I（commodity substrate）were served as controls.Based on the physical and chemical properties of all substrates,tomatoes plant growth,fruit quality and yield,the substrate suitable for tomatoes cultivation in solar greenhouse was determined.The results show that substrate J（cow dung∶corn stalks∶ mushroom residue∶ peat∶ vermiculite∶ river sand = 2.5∶2∶1∶1∶1∶2.5）and substrate C（sheep dung∶ wheat straw∶ cotton stalks∶ mushroom residue∶river sand= 2∶2∶2∶1.5∶2.5）had good physical and chemical properties,which met the demand of tomatoes growth;compared with substrate A,substrate J and C harvested higher plant height,larger stem diameter,and better fruit quality of tomato.For instance,the soluble protein and vitamin C mass fraction for substrate J and C substrates were significantly higher than substrate A.Sugar acid ratio in formulaCwas the highest（5.06）in this test.Substrate J and C yielded 9 317.894kg/667m2 and 8 546.987kg/667m2,86.4% and 71.0% higher than substrate A,respectively.In conclusion,substrate J and C,with outstanding performance on plant growth,fruit quality and yield,have lower cost and more convenient to be get than commodity substrate for using agricultural wastes as the principal raw material.Substrates J and C are more suitable for tomato substrate culture in non-cultivated land in Jiuquan region.

关 键 词：基质配方 番茄 生长 品质 产量 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]