‘川早枇杷’头花柱头可授性及花粉活力与花粉管生长的研究  

Studies on Stigma Receptivity and Pollen Viability and Pollen Tube Growth of‘Chuanzao loquat'in the First Florescence

作　　者：张潇[1] 廖明安[1] 何静[1] 刘春阳[1] 马倩倩[1] 杨代宇 卢春友 周廷国 戴盛银 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学园艺学院,四川成都611130 [2]汉源县科技局,四川汉源625300 [3]汉源县农业局,四川汉源625300

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2015年第7期1349-1355,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家农业科技成果转化资金项目(2011GB2F000006);四川省雅安市和四川农业大学市校合作项目(00323303);‘双支计划’项目(03523531)

摘　　要：为揭示特早熟枇杷新品系‘川早枇杷’头花坐果率低的原因,该试验采用田间调查方法观察了‘川早枇杷’头花的开花期,并用联苯胺-过氧化氢法检验了柱头可授性、TTC法测定了花粉活力、苯胺蓝染色法观察了花粉管生长情况。结果显示：（1）‘川早枇杷’头花7月中旬进入初花期,7月下旬至8月上旬为盛花期,8月中旬至下旬为终花期,头花花期的果园气温最高、最低和平均分别为34.9℃、18.9℃和26.03℃。（2）开花当天及花后1～4d柱头具有可授性,且花后1d柱头可授性最强、花粉活力最高,以后花粉活力逐渐迅速降低。（3）自花授粉的花粉管在授粉后48h抵达花柱基部、96h到达胚珠,但数量极少。研究表明,‘川早枇杷’头花具有最佳可授性的时间较短,花粉活力降低迅速,花粉管能够抵达花柱基部和进入胚珠的数量极少,花期高温等诸多因素的综合作用可能是造成其头花坐果不良的重要原因。In order to reveal the reason for low fruit setting rate of a new very precocious loquat line ‘Chuanzao loquat’ in the first florescence,we adopted the method of field experiment to observe flowering stage of ‘Chuanzao loquat’ in the first florescence.Stigma receptivity was measure by benzidine-H2O2,pollen vitality was tested by TTC method and pollen tube growth was observed by aniline blue staining method in this study.Results showed that：（1）The first florescence of ＇Chuanzao loquat’ to enter beginning bloom stage was mid-July and full bloom stage was from late July to early Aug.The final bloom stage was from mid-Aug.to late Aug.The highest,lowest and average air temperature in the first florescence was 34.9 ℃,18.9 ℃ and 26.03 ℃,respectively.（2） The stigma with receptivity was on 0-4 d after flowering.The stigma with very strong receptivity and pollen with the highest viability was on 1 d after flowering,then the pollen viability rapidly reduced.（3）Pollen tubes had arrived in style base at 48 h and entered the ovule at 96 h after self-pollination,but very few.Accordingly,the combination of many factors such as short duration of stigma strong receptivity,pollen viability decreased rapidly,very few pollen tubes which could arrive at style base and enter the ovule and high temperature was the important reason of low fruit-set rate of ‘Chuanzao loquat’ in the first florescence.

关 键 词：川早枇杷 头花 柱头可授性 花粉活力 花粉管生长 

分 类 号：Q944.42[生物学—植物学] Q944.58