秦岭岩白菜的传粉生物学特性与繁育系统  

Pollination Biology and Mating System of Bergenia scopulosa T.P.Wang,an Endangered,Indigenous Species in China

作　　者：毛少利[1] 李倩[1] 李阳[1] 周亚福[1] 张莹[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省西安植物园,陕西省植物研究所,西安710061

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2015年第7期1378-1384,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31200152);陕西省科学院科技计划项目(2013K-23,2014K-23);中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养计划项目(2011DF06)

摘　　要：对珍稀濒危植物秦岭岩白菜（Bergenia scopulosa T.P.Wang）的开花特性、传粉适应及繁育系统进行了分析研究。结果表明：（1）秦岭岩白菜为蝎尾状聚伞花序,具（29±10）朵单花,单花期约15d,遇低温雨雪天气花冠闭合,可延长3～5d,花序花期约30d,种群花期近4个月。（2）花粉活力在花药开裂后的12h内最高（约90%）,维持单花平均花粉活力在30%以上约6d;柱头在第1～4天内保持很强的可授性,维持可授性的时间约为9d。（3）秦岭岩白菜主要有效传粉昆虫为中华蜜蜂,平均访花频率为6.5朵/min,单花停留时间为（11.0±4.8）s。（4）秦岭岩白菜的花粉胚珠比（P/O）为589.8,杂交指数（OCI）为3;人工授粉实验显示,秦岭岩白菜不存在无融合生殖,自交亲和,主动自交罕见,生殖成功主要依赖传粉者。研究认为,秦岭岩白菜是兼性异交的繁育系统,胚珠受精过程中可能存在自交衰退。Knowledge of the basic breeding characteristics of endangered plants is critical and particularly important to develop successful conservation strategies.Here,we investigated the flowering characteristics,pollination adaptation and mating system of a rare and endangered plant,Bergenia scopulosa,using artificial pollination experiments and field observations in natural and ex-situ conservation populations.The results showed that：（1）the flowering span of the population,infloresence and single flowering were approximately 4 months,30 d and 15 d,respectively.The life span of single flower would prolong 3-5 d and the corolla closed when low temperature or rain and snow occurred.（2）Pollen viability achieved the maximum within 12 h after anther dehiscence in the first flowering day （about 90%） and maintained more than 30% about 6 d.Stigma shown acceptance in the first 9 days during the anthesis and kept the maximum in the first 1-4 days.（3）The main effective pollinator was Apis cerana cerana.The average visiting frequency of effective pollinator was 6.5 flowers·min-1 and single flower residence time was （11.0±4.8） s.（4）The pollen-ovule ratio （P/O） was 589.8 and the outcrossing index （OCI） was 3.The results of artificial pollination experiments exhibited that B.scopulosa was self-compatible with autonomous selfing rarely happening,and reproductive success relied on pollinators without apomixes.The research suggested that the breeding system of B.scopulosa was facultative xenogamy and inbreeding depression played a role in the process of fertilization.

关 键 词：秦岭岩白菜 传粉生物学 繁育系统 

分 类 号：Q944.43[生物学—植物学]