人为干扰对雅安莲花山青冈次生林群落结构和物种多样性的影响  

Effects of Human Disturbance on Species Diversity of Cyclobalanopsis glauca Community in Lotus Mountain in Ya'an

作　　者：郝建锋[1,2] 张逸博[1] 王德艺[3] 齐锦秋[1,4] 姚娱[1] 李艳[1] 朱云航 姚小兰[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学林学院,成都611130 [2]水土保持与荒漠化防止重点实验室,成都611130 [3]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093 [4]木材工业与家具工程重点实验室,成都611130

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2015年第7期1451-1459,共9页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31370628);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2011BAC09B05);四川省教育厅一般项目(15ZB0020);四川农业大学双支计划博士专项基金(00370401)

摘　　要：以四川省雅安莲花山为研究区,采用典型样地法分别调查轻度、中度和重度人为干扰对青冈（Cyclobalanopsis glauca）次生林不同林分层次的物种组成、群落结构和物种多样性的影响。采用物种丰富度指数（S）、Shannon-Wiener指数（H）、Simpson优势度指数（H′）和均匀度指数（Jsw）来综合分析群落的物种多样性水平。结果表明：（1）在总面积为3 600m2的9个样地中,共记录到维管束植物161种,隶属于83科134属,以禾本科（Gramineae）、樟科（Lauraceae）、壳斗科（Fagaceae）、山茶科（Theaceae）等植物为主。（2）不同强度人为干扰下青冈次生林的群落结构不同,受轻度和中度干扰的群落乔木层处于小径级（胸径8cm以下）、低高度级（高度3～7m）的幼苗较多,林分具有潜在的天然更新能力,受重度干扰下群落乔木小径级、低高度级个体数少,群落结构不稳定,林分生产力低。（3）不同强度人为干扰下青冈次生林群落重要值差异显著,轻、中、重干扰下乔木层优势种数量差别不明显,物种组成单一;灌木层重度干扰下小果润楠（Machilus microcarpa）占据绝对优势地位;草本层优势种在中度干扰下数量最多。（4）随着人为干扰强度的增加,青冈次生林群落的S、H、H′和Jsw降低,群落物种多样性整体呈下降趋势。Using the Lotus Mountain as the study area,with typical plots methods,we investigated the species composition of different levels of stand structure,population structure and species diversity of Cyclobalanopsis glauca community under the slight,intermediate and severe human disturbances.The species richness index （S）,Shannon-Wiener index （H）,Simpson index （H′） and Pielou index （Jsw） were adopted to comprehensively evaluate the level of species diversity in C.glauca community.The results showed that：（1）a total of 161 vascular plant species belonging to 83 families and 134 genera were observed across the 9 explored plots within an area of 3 600 m2,and Gramineae,Lauraceae,Fagaceae,Theaceae are the dominant plant;（2）plant communities vary under different degrees of human disturbance effects.Trees are mainly in low diameter class （diameter at breast height〈8 cm） and low height class （37 m） in arborous layer under sight and intermediate disturbances,suggesting a potential capacity of natural regeneration.Trees in low diameter and low height classes are rare under serious disturbance,and the community structure is unstable with a low primary productivity;（3）the important values vary significantly under different degrees of human disturbances,while dominant species show insignificant differences under these disturbances with a simple species composition Machilus microcarpa is the predominant species in shrub layer under severe disturbance,while herbaceous species are the dominant plants under intermediate disturbance;（4）S,H,H′,and Jsw decreased with the increases of human disturbance,indicating a decrease for plant biodiversity as a whole.

关 键 词：人为干扰 青冈次生林 群落结构 物种多样性 

分 类 号：Q948.157[生物学—植物学]