论法治评估的类型化  

Identification of Types in Evaluation of the Rule of Law

作　　者：朱景文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,教授北京100872

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2015年第7期108-124,207-208,共17页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：作者所主持的国家社科基金重大项目"法治评估创新及其在中国的推广应用研究"(项目编号12&ZD237);北京市社科基金重大项目"法治评估基础理论研究"(项目编号14ZDA05)的中期成果

摘　　要：法治评估不是简单地对法治发展的各个方面进行量化处理,首先要解决的是对有着不同社会结构、处在不同社会发展水平的国家或地区按照统一标准进行法治评估的可能性问题。法治包含规则之治、平等实施和良法之治几种不同的含义,但每种含义都受制于一定的社会条件,需要类型化处理。"规则之治"有赖于社会的稳定程度,对迅速变化的社会没有实质意义。平等实施有赖于法律资源的充分性,在缺乏人力、物力、财力保证的情况下很难做到平等实施,而需要寻找成本低、替代性的措施和适合本地特点的方式。良法之治有赖于对什么是良法达成共识,不能以一种模式为基础来评估其他模式法治发展程度。法治评估必须注意各国治理结构的差别,一个国家用法律解决的问题,另一个国家可能用非法律的方法解决。Evaluating the rule of law is not a simple process of quantifying various aspects of its development.The first question that needs to be resolved is the possibility of using uniform standards to evaluate the rule of law in countries or regions with different social structures and different levels of development.The rule of law has several meanings,including government by rules,implementation of equality and rule by good law,but each is constrained by particular social conditions and needs to be allocated to a type.Government by rules depends on degree of stability,and has no substantive meaning in a rapidly changing society.Implementation of equality relies on the adequacy of legal resources,and is difficult to put into practice if not guaranteed by human,material and financial resources;we therefore need to look for low-cost alternative measures and strategies suited to local characteristics.Rule by good law depends on reaching a consensus about good law;one cannot rely upon one model of the rule of law to evaluate other models' degree of development.Differences in the rule of law among countries or regions with varying social conditions do not lie in the control of power,but in the manner of such control.In evaluating the rule of law,one must pay attention to the difference in different countries' governance structures,for what one country resolves through law another country may resolve through non-legal means.

关 键 词：法治评估 类型化 规则之治 平等实施 良法之治 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]