不同滴灌施肥方式对棉田土壤含水率、硝态氮分布及对产量的影响  

Effects of Cotton Soil Moisture Content, Nitrate Nitrogen Distribution and Yield by Different Fertigation Strategies

作　　者：陶垿 吕新[1] 陈剑 张泽[1] 吴祥虎[1] 朱鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832000 [2]新疆石河子市开发区智睿博创科技有限公司,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《棉花学报》2015年第4期329-336,共8页Cotton Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31360301);国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD11B02);新疆兵团八师中小企业专项(2014QY13)

摘　　要：研究不同施肥方式（滴灌变量控制施肥和压差式滴灌施肥）和施肥时段,对棉田土壤质量含水率、硝态氮分布和产量的影响。结果表明：施肥过程中前期施入氮肥、后期再灌水,氮素会被淋洗到下层土壤,不利于氮素利用率的提高。两种施肥方式中N-W-N（前期施入氮肥、中间以清水灌溉、后期再施氮肥）处理土壤水和硝态氮集中分布在土层30~40 cm,分别比CK增产45.03%和35.50%。变量施肥方式比压差式施肥方式优越,前者各处理的土壤质量含水率和硝态氮分布均匀,平均产量为5979.12 kg·hm-2,比压差式施肥方式平均提高了3.31%。综合考虑,从提高土壤氮素利用率和增产的角度分析,推荐滴灌变量控制施肥方式进行施肥,且以（N-W-N）为主。To examine the effects of different fertilization strategies on cotton crop soil water and nitrogen distribution, a variable control fertilization device for drip irrigation under film mulch and differential pressure fertigation were compared. The results suggest that： during the process of a fertilization, fertilizing nitrogen first following by irrigating and the nitrogen will infiltrate into the underlying soil, and it’s not conducive to the absorption and utilization of nitrogen. Soil water and nitrogen distribution of nitrogen-water irrigation-nitrogen（N-W-N） treatment were mainly concentrated at a depth of 30-40 cm, and cotton yield was45.03% and 35.50% greater than CK treatment for two fertilizer applications. Soil water and nitrogen distribution were more uniform for the variable control fertilization device than differentially pressured fertigation. Average cotton yield for the device was5979.12 kg·hm-2, and this was 3.31% greater than differential pressure fertigation. Taken together, these results suggest that to increase soil nitrogen use and cotton yield, a pre-nitrogen application, followed by water irrigation and a final nitrogen fertilizer application（N-W-N） should be considered.

关 键 词：膜下滴灌变量控制施肥 土壤质量含水率 土壤硝态氮 产量 施肥模式 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]