2013年江苏省农村环境卫生调查  

Survey and analysis of Jiangsu rural sanitation, 2013

作　　者：于洋[1] 郑浩[1] 费娟[1] 丁震[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省疾病预防控制中心环境疾病(地方病)防制所,江苏南京210009

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2015年第17期3103-3106,3111,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：环境重点污染物健康危害的监测评价与控制(201002001);国家卫生公益性行业科研专项(201402022);江苏省医学创新团队与领军人才(LJ201129)

摘　　要：目的分析江苏省农村地区生活垃圾、生活污水处理、家庭饮水习惯、农药使用与防护及土壤监测现状。方法按照分层随机抽样的方法从江苏省全部13个省辖市中选取65个乡镇260个村1 300个农户。调查生活垃圾、生活污水、家庭饮水习惯,农药使用与防护情况,并进行土壤监测。结果在260个行政村中,8.08%的调查村生活垃圾为随意堆放,21.54%的调查村生活污水为直接排放;在1 300户调查户中,居民饮用水类型以集中式供水为主(占91.69%),饮水习惯以喝开水为主(占86.23%);在823户使用农药的调查户中,54.07%的调查户选择现用现买不储存农药,有74.00%的调查户选择将废弃包装药瓶(袋)堆放在田边或垃圾堆,47.79%的调查户选择在施药时仅采用穿长袖衣、裤的单一保护方式,仅有16.71%的调查户在施药时采用全面的保护措施;高淳县、吴江区、丹阳市、姜堰市存在土壤镉含量不合格的情况。结论 2013年江苏省农村地区家庭饮水习惯和土壤监测结果况较好,生活垃圾随意堆放和生活污水直接排放的情况时有发生,大部分农户在使用农药时的防护方式较单一,废弃包装药瓶(袋)处置不规范。Objective To analyze the living garbage, domestic sewage treatments, family drinking habits, pesticide uses and protection and soil monitoring status in Jiangsu rural area. Methods The stratified random sampling method was used to select 65 towns, 260 villages and 1300 peasants from 13 cities in Jiangsu. We investigated the garbage, sewage, family drinking habits, pesticide uses and protection status and soil monitor situations. Results 8.08% garbage was piled up at will, and 21.54% life sewage was directly discharged in 260 villages. By investigating 1300 peasants, residents＇ main drinking water types and habits were centralized water supply （91.69%） and hot water （86.23%）. Among 823 peasants who used pesticide, 54.07% of the total would like to buy the pesticide as required, 74% preferred to put the discarded packaging bottles （bags） on the dump or side of farmland, 47.79% peasants only wore long sleeve clothes and pants when fertilizing, and merely 16.71% adopted comprehensive protection contents of Cadmium （Cd） in soil samples in Gaochun, Wujiang, Danyang, Jiangyan area were not all qualified. t the year of 2013, the situation of family drinking habits and soil monitoring results were fine in Jiangsu province the condition of living garbage stack at will and the life sewage directly discharged still existed. Most peasants only adopted the single protective way when they used pesticide, and disposed the abandoned packaging bottle （bag） with no normative standards.

关 键 词：农村 垃圾 污水 饮水习惯 农药 土壤 重金属 

分 类 号：R127[医药卫生—环境卫生学]