北京市中学生营养状况及其与家长营养认知的关联分析  

Parents' concern about nutritional status of their children in Beijing middle school and its association with the health status

作　　者：周佳[1] 马迎华[1] 段佳丽[2] 孙颖[2] 滕立新[2] 赵海[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所,北京100191 [2]北京市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2015年第8期1142-1144,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：北京市科技计划重大项目课题项目(D111100000611003)

摘　　要：目的 了解北京市中学生家长对子女营养状况的认知现状及其与学生营养状况的关联,为有效预防儿童青少年肥胖提供科学依据。方法 采用分层随机整群抽取北京8所初中、8所高中学生共2 308名进行体格测量（身高、体重）,根据中国肥胖问题工作组2004年制订的“中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体重指数分类标准”及“中国6-19岁学龄儿童青少年分年龄BMI筛查消瘦界值”进行营养状况评价,并通过问卷调查了解家长对儿童营养状况的认知情况。结果 家长对子女主观营养评价与BMI评价结果总符合率为57.8%,33.4%的家长出现低估偏倚,8.8%的家长出现高估偏倚,一致程度不够理想（Kappa=0.32,u=26.80,P〈0.01）。认知正确组家长了解孩子偏食挑食的比例、鼓励孩子闲暇时间进行体育运动的比例、了解孩子身高体重变化情况的比例、选择最科学减肥途径的比例均高于认知错误组家长（χ2值分别为6.06,13.02,11.94,6.15,P值均〈0.05）。结论 家长对子女的营养状况存在认知偏差,应进一步加强宣传教育,使家长能够正确评估儿童的营养状况,并在日常生活中培养孩子健康的生活行为。Objective To investigate the parents＂ concern about nutritional status of their children in Beijing middle school and explore its association with the health management. Methods A total of 2 308 students （ 1 065 boys, 1 243 girls ） from 8 middle and high school were recruited by two-stage cluster sampling method, among whom the anthropometric measurement were conducted. Nutritional status was categorized based on The 2004 Body Mass Index （ BMI ） Standards for Children and Adolescents in China and The Screening Standard of Thinness by Age Group for Children and Adolescents aged 6-19 in China. Their weight and height were measured and BMI was used to evaluating their nutritional status. Meanwhile questionnaires were used to investigate parents concern about nutritional status of their children and its association with health management were analyzed by Chi-square test. Results The total coincidence rate between Parents＂ subjective nutritional evaluation of their children and the BMI evalua- tion was 57.8%, 33.4% of parents underestimated their children＇s nutritional status , 8.8% of parents appear to be overvalued, the degree of consistency was not so ideal （kappa--0.323, u = 26.8, P〈0.01 ）. Parents who concern about Nutritional Status of their Children properly do better than the parents who cannot in knowing if their children are fussy eaters, encouraging their children to sport in leisure time, knowing their children＇s height and weight changes, selecting the most scientific way to lose weight, the difference was statistically significant（ P〈0.05 ）. Conclusion Parental perception of children＇s nutritional status presents cognitive bias among the parents in Beijing. We should reinforce the communication and education in the parents to promote the correct evaluation on their children＇s nutritional status and foster children a healthy lifestyle behaviors in everyday life.

关 键 词：营养状况 认知 双亲 学生 统计学 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R195.2[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]