不同播种方式对小麦产量形成的影响  

Effects of different seeding modes on grain yield formation of wheat

作　　者：陈留根[1] 刘红江[1] 沈明星[2] 郑建初[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014 [2]江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所,江苏苏州215155

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2015年第4期786-791,共6页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD04B08);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201103001)

摘　　要：大田试验,设置人工撒播、条播、穴播等3个处理,研究不同播种方式对扬麦19产量形成的影响。结果表明:小麦不同生育时期单位面积茎蘖数撒播最大,条播其次,穴播最小。不同播种方式小麦的最高分蘖数撒播最大,穴播最小,小麦的茎蘖成穗率撒播要明显小于条播和穴播。不同播种方式小麦叶面积指数,在小麦生育前期,撒播小麦叶面积指数较大,到生育中后期条播小麦较大。不同播种方式小麦产量,条播小麦的产量最高,单位面积产量分别比撒播和穴播增加3.0%和9.1%。条播使小麦产量增加,主要是因为条播显著增加了小麦的穗粒数,千粒质量对条播小麦产量增加的作用相对较小。在小麦生育前期,撒播小麦干物质积累较大,到生育中后期条播小麦较大。经济系数,条播小麦略低于撒播小麦和穴播小麦,处理间差异不明显。总体而言,生育前期撒播小麦茎蘖发生快,叶面积指数高,群体相对较大;生育中后期条播小麦群体结构更加合理,生长速度加快,叶面积指数较高,干物质累积量大,最终产量显著增加。A field experiment was conducted on Yangmai 19 to investigate the effects of broadcast seeding, row see-ding and bunch seeding on grain yield in wheat. The results showed that Maximum stem and tiller number per unit area was observed in wheat with broadcast seeding, and the minimum, in wheat with bunch seeding. Among different planting meth-ods, broadcast seeding was the best for reaching the highest tiller number, but the worst for ear-bearing. Broadcast seeding presented larger leaf area index at early growth stages whereas row seeding took a lead at middle to late stages. Compared with broadcast seeding and bunch seeding, row seeding increased the grain yield by 3. 0% and 9. 1%, respectively, by increasing spikelet number per panicle rather than 1 000-grain weight. Broadcast seeding improved dry matter weight at early growth sta-ges, and row seeding took its place at late stages. There was no significant difference in the economic index among three treat-ments. In sum, broadcast-seeded wheat developed quickly at early growth stages, resulting in larger leaf area and bigger pop-ulation. However, at late stages, row-seeded wheat, showed more reasonable population configuration was leading to faster growth speed and higher grain yield at maturity.

关 键 词：不同播种方式 小麦 干物质累积量 产量形成 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]