高电压环境工程应用研究关键技术问题分析及展望  

Analysis and Prospect on Key Technology of High-voltage Discharge for Environmental Engineering Study and Application

作　　者：闫克平[1,2] 李树然[1,2] 冯卫强[1,2] 郑钦臻[1,2] 杜艳艳[1,2] 沈欣军[1,2] 戴绍龙 寇艳芹 徐羽贞[1,2] 王仕龙 韩平 朱安娜[4] 冯文强[4] 黄逸凡[1,2] 刘振[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学生物质化工教育部重点实验室,杭州310028 [2]浙江大学化学工程与生物工程学系工业生态与环境研究所,杭州310028 [3]神华国能集团有限公司,北京100033 [4]防化研究院第六研究所,北京102205

出　　处：《高电压技术》2015年第8期2528-2544,共17页High Voltage Engineering

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(SS2013AA0616;2013AA0651001-1;2009AA064101);国家自然科学基金(21276232)~~

摘　　要：高压(HV)放电技术通过施加高压电场来产生大量自由电子和活性物质,使之能控制和去除环境污染物。为此,介绍了高压放电在脱硫、脱硝、除尘、挥发性有机气体(VOCs)去除、臭氧发生、水处理和灭菌等方面的应用。高压放电脱硫脱硝采用流光电晕形式在气相或异相中氧化气态污染物,后者效率高于前者。随其处理风量的不断增加,应研发脉冲电源和交直流叠加(AC/DC)电源以提高反应器能量密度和脱除能力。静电除尘技术发展历史长,其除尘能力进一步的提高受到本体设计不合理、电源技术落后和2次扬尘等问题的限制。以电除尘指数取代传统Deutsch公式,并指导本体设计选型和电源优化,能有效提高除尘效率。高压放电还可用于臭氧发生,短脉冲电源研发、气源组分添加和装置冷却是其研发重点。高压放电能处理VOCs和污染废水,前者以放电结合催化为主,后者则兼有液下和沿面放电,目前仍需提高能量利用效率。放电除了能杀灭微生物外,还能在保持活性的前提下收集微生物。高压放电技术仍需向工业示范和联用发展。High-voltage （HV） discharges induce high-intensity electrical field that generates large quantities of electrons and radicals. Hence they are employed to control and remove pollutants. In this paper, we introduce several environmental applications of high-voltage discharge, such as removal of SO2, NOx, particles, VOCs and pollutants in water, ozone gen- eration, sterilization and collection of micro-organism. For desulfuration and denitration using streamer corona discharges, heterogeneous oxidation of S（IV） is quicker than homogeneous oxidation, and increasing AC/DC, pulse power and energy density is the key for improving the removal efficiency. Electrostatic precipitator （ESP） has been developed for a long time, yet its improvement is impeded due to the inadequate development of device design and power technology, and reentrainment. Using ESP index instead of Deutsch Equation to guide ESP sizing and power optimization is conducive to improve ESP efficiency. When using HV discharge to produce ozone, the emphasis is on short-pulse power supply, addi- tives and cooling. I-IV discharge is also employed to treat VOCs and waste water in various structures. The former one usually combines discharge with catalysis, while the latter includes discharge under or over liquid surface. However, both of them need to be improved in energy efficiency. HV discharge could deactivate micro-organism through radicals, UV or electrical field, yet it could also be used to collect micro-organisms while keeping their high activities. Nevertheless for environmental applications, the non-thermal plasma technology needs further development in pilot demonstration and in-tegrated process.

关 键 词：低温等离子体 脱硫 脱硝 电除尘器 VOCs脱除 臭氧发生 水处理 微生物灭活 微生物收集 

分 类 号：TM83[电气工程—高电压与绝缘技术]