极低频电磁场的健康效应  

Health Effects of Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields

作　　者：包家立[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学医学院浙江省生物电磁学重点实验室生物物理与医学工程研究组,杭州310058

出　　处：《高电压技术》2015年第8期2550-2561,共12页High Voltage Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61071060)~~

摘　　要：来自于输电线路、变压器、家用电器的极低频电磁场已经在现代生活中无所不在，但它们对人体健康的潜在危险还不清楚。为了综合评述近几年的研究成果以指引未来极低频电磁场健康效应的研究方向，在介绍极低频电磁场物理特性的基础上，着重介绍了近年来极低频电磁场在流行病学调查、人体志愿者、动物实验、细胞和分子、生物物理学等领域的研究进展。大多数流行病学调查表明极低频电磁场的健康风险比值比在1～2之间。人体志愿者实验研究主要包括心肺生理、脑电与神经、血常规、褪黑素等方面。动物实验研究主要包括认知、血管渗透性、褪黑激素、免疫系统、转基因白血病动物模型、协同致癌作用等方面。细胞和分子研究主要包括细胞周期、细胞凋亡、细胞分裂、DNA复制转录和翻译等方面。生物物理学研究主要包括ROS机制、胞内Ca^2＋、离子通道、鲁棒行为、信噪比、体内磁性颗粒等方面。极低频电磁场限值方面的国际标准主要包括ICNIRP指南和IEEE标准，国内标准主要包括职业卫生标准和环境控制标准。未来的研究方向应包括极低频电磁场的生物系统特性如鲁棒性和涌现性等、电磁场作用下的生物实时响应和电磁能量的生物效应。Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields （ELF EMFs） that generated from transmission lines, trans- formers, household appliances, and so on, have been a ubiquitous part of modem life. To date, potential health risks of ELF EMFs are unclear. To summarize the researches of ELF EMF related health researches in recent years and to guide the researches in the future, we briefly describe several physical characteristics of ELF EMFs and emphatically introduce the research progress in the aspects of epidemiological investigation, human volunteers, animal experiments, cellular and molecular studies, and biophysics. Most of the epidemiological investigations suggested that the odds ratio of ELF EMFs health risks is about 1 to 2. Human volunteer studies have focused on cardiopulmonary physiological changes, behavioral and neurophysiological changes, hematologic, melatonin, etc. Whereas, animal studies mainly targeted recognition mem- ory, tumor, vascular permeability, melatonin, immune system, anti-proleliferative effect, synergistic effect, etc. Cellular and molecular studies put main efforts in cell cycle, apoptosis, division, DNA replication, transcription, and translation, etc. Biophysical researches mainly aimed at ROS mechanism, intracellular Ca2＋, ion channels, robust behavior, sig- nal-to-noise ratio, and magnetic particles. International standards have been established to def＇me the limit values of ELF EMFs, including the international ones like ICNIRP guidelines and IEEE standards,and some Chinese standards about occupational hygiene and environmental control. Future research should include the system features of living body with ELF EMFs intervention, such as robustness, emergent, etc., the real-time responses of organisms to ELF EMFs, and the biological effect of electromagnetic energy.

关 键 词：输电线路 极低频电磁场 ELF-EMFs 生物效应 健康效应 流行病学 人体 动物 细胞 生物物理 

分 类 号：TM15[电气工程—电工理论与新技术]