东哈萨克斯坦州土壤腐殖-残积层重金属分布特征  

The Distribution Characteristics of Soil Heavy Metals in Humic-Eluvium in Kazakhstan, East of Kazakhstan Prefecture

作　　者：玛克萨特.阿赫买提哈丽耶娃 吕光辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆大学资源与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830046 [2]哈萨克国立大学化学与生态学院,哈萨克斯坦阿拉木图050040

出　　处：《新疆大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第2期233-238,共6页Journal of Xinjiang University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：科技部重大国际科技合作项目(2010DFA92720-12)

摘　　要：土壤重金属污染正日益严重的危害着人类健康,因此分析自然环境下的土壤重金属分布状况也显得尤为重要.本文运用标准方法、光比色测定法、双硫腙法、光谱分析法测量,对东哈萨克斯坦自然环境下6种土壤类型的腐殖土-残积层的6种重金属含量(铜、锌、锰、钴、铅和镉)进行了定量分析.结果表明:研究区域土壤重金属铜、锌、锰、钴含量均低于其克拉克值;铅含量比土壤中的克拉克值略高;而镉含量是其克拉克值的1.9倍.土壤重金属含量总体趋势为普通盐碱地>草甸淡碳酸盐>碱地淡栗钙土>极度草甸-淡栗钙土>普通淡栗钙土>极度深栗钙土,与富含有机质的土壤类型存在显著正相关关系,与土壤p H值无显著相关性.而在土壤垂直剖面上,腐殖层(A1)的重金属含量高于残积层B(B1+B2),且土壤腐殖层的重金属存在向残积层迁移的趋势.Soil heavy metal pollution is increasingly serious harm to human health. Therefore, the analysis of heavy metals distribution in natural soils is also very important. In this paper, used the standard method, Rini Keith light colorimetric assay, dithizone double spectrograph ray diffraction measurement system -8-1 by photoacoustic spectroscopy, quantitatively analyzed the natural heavy metal content （copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, lead and cadmium） on 6 soil types in the East Kazakhstan. The results show that： the heavy metals copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt content were lower than the value of its Clark;lead content was slightly than the soil Clarke value; and cadmium content was 1.9 times than the value of its Clark. Heavy metal content for the general overall trend was Saline- meadow light carbonate- sinicum light chestnut soil- extreme meadow - light chestnut soil- Normal light chestnut soil- extremely deep chestnut soil. Soil the heavy metals and soil organic matter had significant positive correlation, with soil pH had no significant correlation. Thus, in the vertical section of soil, the heavy metal content of the humus layer （A1） than its eluvial B （B1＋B2）. Moreover, there was the eluvial migration trend of heavy metals in soil humus layer.

关 键 词：土壤 腐殖-残积层 重金属 背景值 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]