江汉平原秸秆焚烧污染物排放的估算  

Estimating Air Pollutants Emissions from Open Burning of Crop Residues in Jianghan Plain

作　　者：李建峰[1] 宋宇[1] 李蒙蒙[1] 黄昕[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学环境科学与工程学院环境科学系,环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100871

出　　处：《北京大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第4期647-656,共10页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41275155,41121004);国家环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201309009);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2010CB428501);环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室专项经费(14Y01ESPCP)资助

摘　　要：为了解江汉平原地区秸秆焚烧的危害,通过入户调查确定该地区主要农作物秸秆露天燃烧的比例,用排放因子法估算2010年该地区主要农作物秸秆焚烧排放的大气污染物量,结合入户调查的结果、MOD/MYD14A1和GLC2000-China的地表覆盖数据,分析该地区农作物秸秆焚烧排放的时空分布。结果表明,2010年江汉平原秸秆焚烧共排放73.3 Gg(1 Gg=109g)PM2.5,18.6 Gg OC,3.27 Gg BC,7763 Gg CO2,238 Gg CO,10.6 Gg CH4,28.6 Gg NMHCs,0.382 Gg N2O,5.74 Gg NH3,8.26 Gg SO2和17.1 Gg NOx,其中5月、9月和10月是秸秆焚烧的高峰期。在所有县市中,监利县、仙桃市和天门市是秸秆焚烧排放最多的3个地区,荆州市市辖区是单位面积农田上秸秆焚烧PM2.5排放最高的地区;在所有的农作物中,水稻秸秆焚烧对排放的贡献最大,其次是油菜和小麦。To investigate the emissions from open burning of crop residues in Jianghan Plain by using the Emission Factor Method, household surveys were conducted to obtain the percentages of crop residues burned in fields. Household survey statistics, GLC2000-China product and MODIS active fire products（MOD/MYD14A1） were used to analyze the temporal-spatial distribution of crop residues burning emissions in Jianghan Plain. The results gave a total emission of 73.3 Gg PM2.5, 18.6 Gg OC, 3.27 Gg BC, 7763 Gg CO2, 238 Gg CO, 10.6 Gg CH4, 28.6 Gg NMHCs, 0.382 Gg N2 O, 5.74 Gg NH3, 8.26 Gg SO2 and 17.1 Gg NOx from the open burning of crop residues, in 2010, which happened most frequently in May, September and October. Among all subregions, Jianli County contributed the most to the total crop burning emissions, followed by Xiantao and Tianmen City, while Jingzhou municipal district had the highest PM2.5 emissions per unit area. Rice straw was the dominant source of crop burning emissions among all types of crop residues, followed by rape straw and wheat straw.

关 键 词：江汉平原 秸秆焚烧 大气污染物 排放量 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程]