自主定向与依赖定向的群际帮助在动机与后果上的差异  

Differential Motivation and Consequences of Autonomy-Oriented and Dependency-Oriented Intergroup Helping

作　　者：张兰鸽[1] 王磊[2] 张应兰[3,4] 寇彧[3] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学发展心理研究所,应用实验心理北京市重点实验室,北京100875 [2]中南民族大学公共管理学院,武汉430074 [3]北京师范大学发展心理研究所应用实验心理北京市重点实验室,北京100875 [4]华夏蒙诺(北京)科技有限公司,北京100012

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2015年第9期1658-1667,共10页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71071021);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目(10JJDXLX002);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金;北京市教育委员会项目(PXM2014_014202_07_000067)的资助

摘　　要：群际帮助指施助者作为某个群体成员对另一群体成员的帮助,分为自主定向和依赖定向的帮助两类。自主定向的群际帮助被施助者求同需要所驱动,提供给受助者自己解决问题的方式方法,会缩小受助者与施助者之间的差异;而依赖定向的群际帮助被施助者差别化需要所驱动,直接提供给受助者满足需求的物质,会维持甚至扩大受助者与施助者之间的差异并使前者长期依赖后者。Intergroup helping refers to the helping behavior toward out-group members offered by representatives of one’s in-group. There are two forms of intergroup helping： autonomy-oriented help and dependency-oriented help. Autonomy-oriented help, which is motivated by the helper’s assimilation need, provides the recipient with the means to solve problems on their own. This in turn decreases the social disparity between the high-status helper and the lower-status recipient group; Dependency-oriented help, which is motivated by the helper’s differentiation need, provides the recipient with a full solution to the problem, thus maintain or enlarge the social disparity between them and leads to the low-status group’s chronic dependence on the high-status group.

关 键 词：自主定向的帮助 依赖定向的帮助 求同需要 差别化需要 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]