尼克松政府撤退驻韩美军问题述论  

On the Withdrawal of US Troops Stationed in South Korea by Nixon Government

作　　者：冯东兴[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学哲学与公共管理学院,河南开封475004 [2]南京大学约翰斯霍普金斯大学中美文化研究中心,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《军事历史研究》2015年第4期76-84,共9页Military History Research

基　　金：2012年国家社科基金青年项目"朝鲜战争遗留问题研究"(12CGJ004);2014年河南大学科研基金优青培育项目(yqpy20140129)

摘　　要：尼克松政府决定撤退驻韩美军,是美国推行尼克松主义,实行战略收缩的结果。围绕美国撤退驻韩美军问题,美国政府内部及美韩之间产生了严重分歧。在美国政府内部,分歧主要在于从韩国撤军的时机及撤出多少军队问题。在美韩之间,分歧主要在于是否撤退驻韩美军及撤军之后韩国军事现代化问题。由于来自各方阻力很大,尼克松政府在1971年从韩国撤退2万美军之后,后续的撤军一再拖延。继任的福特总统则提出"新太平洋主义",最终停止了从韩国撤军的进程。美国的撤军行动进一步增强了韩国在美韩同盟中的独立倾向。The Nixon Administration＇s decision to withdraw US troops stationed in South Korea was the result of its strategic contraction in pushing Nixonism. But serious differences occurred within the US government on the timing of the withdrawal and the number of troops to be withdrawn,whereas the differences between the US and South Korea were mainly in whether the withdrawal was necessary and in the modernization of the south Korean armed forces afterwards. Because of the pressure from various sides,the withdrawal had been delayed time and again after the first 20,000 troops were pulled out. Nixon＇s successor President Cerald Ford put forward the idea of ＂Neo- Pacificism ＂,thus suspending the withdrawal process. The withdrawal further strengthened the independence tendency on the part of South Korea in its alliance with the United States.

关 键 词：尼克松主义 驻韩美军 太平洋主义 朝鲜半岛 撤军 约翰逊 

分 类 号：K712[历史地理—历史学] E19[历史地理—世界史]