金属钠提纯进展及难点分析  

Progress in purification of sodium metal and analysis on difficulties thereof

作　　者：张建刚[1,2] 高文龙[1] 曹旭[3] 陈学航 刘振东[4] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省产品质量监督检验院,贵州贵阳550004 [2]中国科学院地球化学研究所 [3]贵州大学 [4]中国航天建设集团有限公司

出　　处：《无机盐工业》2015年第9期10-12,共3页Inorganic Chemicals Industry

基　　金：贵州省2013年度科学技术基金项目(合同编号:黔科合J字[2013]2158号);国家质检总局科研项目(合同编号:2013zjjz053)

摘　　要：高纯度金属钠在工业中具有多种用途。工业钠中含有大量氧、碳、氢、氮、钙、铁、硅等杂质,要得到高纯度金属钠需要将这些杂质除去。概述了金属钠的提纯方法,包括真空蒸馏法、固体电解质电解法、过滤法、沉降法、冷阱法、化学法等。由于钠的性质活泼,长期以来钠的提纯存在周期长和效率低的问题。对金属钠提纯的难点进行分析,指出工业钠中钙和钾杂质是提纯的难点。对现有金属钠提纯方法的改进与新方法的应用提出建议:在沉降法中,通过对沉降装置施以离心等方式以提高颗粒沉降的加速度,将能大大加快钙等杂质的沉降速度;对叠氮化钠等可以制备金属钠的化合物进行提纯然后再分解制备高纯度金属钠的方法是值得探索的方法。High purity metal sodium has many uses in industry.Industrial sodium contained a large number of impurities,such as oxygen,carbon,hydrogen,nitrogen,calcium,iron,silicon and so on.In order to get high purity sodium metal,these impurities must to be removed.Purification methods of sodium metal including vacuum distillation,solid electrolyte electrolysis method,filtration method,sedimentation method,cold trap method,and chemical method etc.were summarized.Due to the nature of sodiumLively,there were problems of a long period and low efficiency in sodium purification.Calcium and potassium removal was the key problem for purification sodium by analyzing the purification process.Two suggestions were proposed to improve traditional method and apply a new method.Firstly,in the sedimentation method,acceleration of particle sedimentation,such as calcium impurity will be greatly increased by improving the mode of settlement with using centrifugal method. Secondly,a method for purifying metallic sodium compounds,such as sodium azide before being decomposed to high purity sodium was worth for exploring.

关 键 词：金属钠 提纯 进展 难点分析 

分 类 号：TQ131.12[化学工程—无机化工]